岩相技术在中国陶瓷器考古研究中的应用

Application of Petrography in the Archaeological Study of Chinese Ceramics

通过回顾历年特别是近年来岩相技术在中国陶瓷器考古研究中的应用,总结了古陶瓷岩相研究中岩相薄片的磨制、羼和料鉴别统计等流程。通过对比新石器时代出土陶片中不同形态的石英颗粒与后世瓷釉内部石英、鳞石英形态的变化,阐述了陶器岩相与瓷器岩相之间的异同,并论述了商周时期原始瓷至明清景德镇窑历代典型瓷器岩相演变,同时结合成分分析论述了钙釉与钙碱釉岩相变化。结合前人研究经验给出了一些典型的单色釉及彩瓷的岩相结构特征,并阐明了前人对青花瓷岩相研究未见青花料的原因。此外,还讨论了瓷器岩相分析的局限性,通过成分分析与岩相分析相结合,给出了岩相结构与胎釉组成的关系图。部分岩相照片与几十年前前人研究岩相照片吻合且相对更清晰,为以后岩相分析研究提供一定的指导。

Through reviewing previous research,particularly the application of petrography in the archaeological study of Chinese ceramics in recent years,this study summarizes several analytical methods in the petrography of ancient ceramics,including the preparation of thin-sections,identiication and statistics of temper,etc.By comparing quartz in various forms found among Neolithic pottery sherds and the morphology of quartz and tridymite in historic porcelain glaze,the similarity and difference in petrography between pottery and porcelain samples are demonstrated.Moreover,this study also discusses the diachronic changes in petrography from the Shang and Zhou period proto-porcelain to the typical Ming and Qing porcelain from the Jingdezhen kiln,as well as calcium glaze and calcium-alkali glaze in the perspective of compositional analysis Built upon previous research experience,some typical petrographical characteristics of monochromatic and polychromatic glaze are also proposed.The reason is also explained why the petrography of pigment in previous study of blue-and-white porcelain is absent.In addition,this paper also points out the limitation of petrographical analysis of porcelain Combining compositional analysis with petrography,the relationship between petrographical structure and paste-glaze composition is also illustrated.Part of petrographical photos with higher resolution taken for this study are identical with previous studies in decades ago,and thus can be used asa guide for future researches.