基于DPSIR-物元的吉林省旅游生态安全时空格局测度及障碍诊断

Spatial-temporal pattern measurement and obstacle diagnosis of tourism ecological security based on DPSIR-matter-element in Jilin Province

科学评价旅游地生态安全对实现区域旅游业可持续发展意义重大。基于旅游活动对生态环境系统的影响,针对吉林省旅游生态安全面临的问题,构建DPSIR旅游生态安全评价指标体系,运用物元模型、障碍因子诊断模型,分析吉林省各市(州)2010—2019年旅游生态安全时空格局变化特征及其影响因素,并诊断其障碍因子。结果表明:(1)2019年大部分市(州)旅游生态安全为向Ⅴ级安全转化等级,主要集中在中东部地区,2010—2019年空间差异逐渐缩小;(2)响应系统旅游生态安全等级明显提升,状态系统旅游生态安全等级小幅提升但等级仍较低水平,说明各地政府管理效能有所提升,但生态环境较为脆弱;(3)森林覆盖率、城市日供水能力等为各市(州)旅游生态安全水平提升的主要障碍因子;受地形、气候等原因的影响,各地区前5位的障碍因子有明显差异;从DPSIR角度分析,状态系统已成为制约吉林省旅游生态安全水平提升的主要障碍因素。对吉林省而言,旅游生态安全整体水平较为一致,根据不同地区限制性因素,针对性制定发展策略,缩小地区差异,保证吉林省旅游生态安全协调稳定发展。

Scientific evaluation of ecological security of tourist destinations is of great significance for achieving sustainable development of regional tourism.Based on the impacts of tourism activities on ecological environment and the problems facing the ecological security of tourism in Jilin Province,we constructed a Driver-Pressure-State-Impact-Response(DPSIR)evaluation index system for tourism ecological security,and used matter-element model and obstacle factor diagnosis model to analyze the changes of temporal-spatial pattern and influencing factors of tourism ecological security of all the cities(prefectures)in Jilin Province from 2010 to 2019.Corresponding obstacle factors were further diagnosed.The results showed that in 2019,most of the cities(prefectures),especially those in the central and eastern regions,had transformed to V-level security,and the spatial difference had been gradually minimized from 2010 to 2019.The level of tourism ecological security of the response system had significantly improved,whereas that of the state system had slightly improved.Nevertheless,the overall levels remained low,indicating an improved management efficiency of local governments and a relatively fragile ecological environment.Forest coverage and daily water supply capacity were the main obstacle factors for improving the level of tourism ecological security in each city(prefecture).Furthermore,the top five obstacle factors in each region were significantly different due to several reasons,including terrain and climate.DPSIR analysis identified the state system as the main obstacle in improving the level of tourism ecological security in Jilin Province.The overall tourism ecological security level is relatively consistent in Jilin Province,except in a few cities.Our results suggest that a unified management is required to formulate development strategies according to region-specific restrictive factors,minimize the regional differences,and ensure the coordinated and stable development of tourism ecological security.