浙江省义乌市2021年3种不同生境中山羊寄生蜱类调查

An investigation of on-host ticks in goats in three different habitats in Yiwu city of Zhejiang province, China,2021

目的了解浙江省义乌市主要生境中蜱类分布状况及月度变化趋势,为针对性地制定蜱控制方案提供科学依据。方法选择义乌市3种有代表性的生境(稀林密草林地、田间地头和密林稀草林地),在2021年3-11月,每月中旬对放养在此生境中的山羊进行寄生蜱调查。计量资料比较采用t检验和方差分析,计数资料率和构成比比较采用χ2检验,采用Pearson相关性分析分析蜱指数和宿主动物阳性率间关系。结果共调查269只山羊,染蜱山羊198只,阳性率为73.61%,检获蜱2033只,蜱指数为7.56。鉴定到种的蜱分属1科3属6种,其中长角血蜱占总检获数的58.48%,其次为镰形扇头蜱,占总检获数的28.73%。3种生境检获的蜱属分布差异有统计学意义(χ2=582.371,P<0.001),2种林地环境均以血蜱属为主,而田间地头以扇头蜱属为主。幼蜱、若蜱、成蜱均有检获,以若蜱为多。长角血蜱密度高峰在3月,10月有1个次高峰。镰形扇头蜱密度高峰在5月。结论义乌市蜱密度较高,不同生境蜱种类不同,应根据其生物学特性开展防制工作。

Objective To investigate the distribution and monthly changing trend of tick species in the main habitats in Yiwu city of Zhejiang province in China,and to provide a scientific basis for formulating targeted tick control regimens.Methods Three representative habitats were selected,i.e.,sparse-forest and dense-grass woodland,farm fields,and dense-forest and sparse-grass woodland,and an investigation of on-host ticks was performed for the goats stocked in these habitats in the middle ten days of each month from March to November in 2021.The t test and variance analysis were used to compare the count data,the Chi-square test was used to compare the rate and the composition ratio,and the Pearson correlation analysis was used to analyze the relationship between the tick index and the positive rate of host animals.Results A total of 269 goats were investigated,among which 198 were infected with ticks,with an infection rate of 73.61%,and 2033 ticks were obtained,with a tick index of 7.56.Species identification showed 6 species of ticks in 3 genera and 1 family,among which Haemaphysalis longicornis accounted for 58.48%,followed by Rhipicephalus haemaphysaloides accounting for 28.73%.There were significant differences in the distribution of tick genera among the three different habitats(χ^(2)=582.371,P<0.001),with Haemaphysalis as the main genus in the two types of woodland environment and Rhipicephalus as the main genus in farm fields.The larval,nymphal,and adult ticks were all collected,among which nymphal ticks accounted for the highest proportion.The density of H.longicornis showed a peak in March and a second peak in October,while the density of R.haemaphysaloides only showed a peak in May.Conclusion There is a relatively high density of ticks in Yiwu,with different tick species in different habitats,and thus control work should be carried out according to tick’s biological characteristics.