蝙蝠与蝙蝠携带的汉坦病毒

Bat and bat-borne hantaviruses

汉坦病毒(Hantavirus,HV)是重要的自然疫源性疾病病原体,能引起人的肾综合征出血热和汉坦病毒肺综合征。根据国际病毒分类委员会最新分类,将HV分为4亚科7属53种。HV广泛存在于啮齿目、翼手目、食虫目动物中,后来在爬行动物、辐鳍鱼以及无颌动物中也有发现。蝙蝠种类繁多,是全球哺乳动物中仅次于啮齿动物的第2大类群,目前已报道有1446种,约占全球哺乳动物的22%。蝙蝠具有很强的飞行能力,广泛分布在除南极洲以外的所有大陆。蝙蝠作为病毒的宿主动物,携带多种病毒,许多新发传染病病原体如马尔堡病毒、亨德拉病毒和尼帕病毒等均来源于蝙蝠。埃博拉病毒、严重急性呼吸综合征冠状病毒、中东呼吸综合征冠状病毒和严重急性呼吸综合征冠状病毒-2等也与蝙蝠有关。近几十年,发现越来越多的蝙蝠携带HV,蝙蝠及其携带的HV具有重要的研究价值,该文对HV最新的分类以及蝙蝠携带的HV进行了综述。

Hantaviruses are important pathogenes of natural focal diseases that causes hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome and Hantavirus pulmonary syndrome.According to the latest classification of the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses,hantaviruses can be divided into 53 species,7 genera,and 4 subfamilies.Hantaviruses are widely found in Rodentia,Chiroptera,and Insectivora,and later also found in reptile,Actinopterygii,and Agnatha.There are many species of bats,which are the second largest group of mammals in the world after rodents.At present,1446 species have been reported,accounting for about 22% of global mammals.In addition,bats have strong flight ability and are widely distributed in all continents except Antarctica.As the host animal of viruses,bats bear a variety of viruses,and many emerging infectious pathogens such as Marburg virus,Hendra virus,and Nipah virus have been confirmed to come from bats.Bats have also been associated to Ebola virus,severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus,Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus,and severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2.In recent decades,more and more bat-borne hantaviruses have been discovered.Bats and bat-borne hantaviruses have an important research value.Therefore,this paper reviews the latest classification of Hantavirus and bat-borne hantaviruses.