不同水-沼液一体化间接地下滴灌模式对番茄生长、产量和品质的影响

Effect of Different Water/biogas Integrated Indirect Subsurface Drip Irrigation Patterns on Tomato Growth,Yield and Quality

为探索水-沼液一体化间接地下滴灌合理的灌溉模式。以番茄为研究对象,采用水-沼液一体化间接地下滴灌方式,在番茄的苗期、开花坐果期和果实成熟期分别设置重度亏缺(60%FC)、中度亏缺(70%FC)和轻度亏缺(80%FC),采用体积比为1∶4的沼液进行一体化灌溉(沼液:水),并设置传统灌溉施肥组(90%FC,化肥)为对照,研究水-沼液一体化间接地下滴灌条件下番茄不同生育阶段水肥同亏对其生长、产量、品质和水分利用效率的影响,并采用TOPSIS法对不同处理番茄品质和综合效益进行评价。结果表明:苗期轻度和中度亏缺处理在开花坐果期采用充分供给后,叶面积和干物质量可表现出较强的补偿效应;开花坐果期重度亏缺会严重抑制番茄叶面积和干物质的形成,并降低番茄产量,但轻度和中度亏缺有助于番茄可溶性糖的积累;果实成熟期进行重度亏缺可提高番茄维生素C的含量;沼液灌溉能够提高可溶性固形物含量和可溶性蛋白质含量;果实成熟期采用重度亏缺(60%FC)的T7处理产量、品质和水分利用效率综合得分最高,化肥对照组T10处理最差,T7处理可作为水-沼液一体化间接地下滴灌亏缺灌溉的参考模式。

The aim of the present study is to explore a reasonable pattern for water/biogas slurry integration irrigation mode under indirect subsurface drip irrigation.In the experiment,tomato was taken as the research object to study the effects of water-fertilizer deficit at different growth stages on the growth,yield,quality and water use efficiency of tomato under indirect subsurface drip irrigation with water/biogas slurry integration,and TOPSIS method was used to evaluate the quality and comprehensive benefits of tomato among different treatments.Severe deficit(60%FC),moderate deficit(70%FC)and mild deficit(80%FC)were set at seedling stage,flowering stage and fruit setting stage,respectively.The volume ratio of the irrigated water/biogas slurry was 1∶4.The traditional fertilizer applied treatment(90%FC,chemical fertilizer)was set as the control treatment for a comparison.The results showed that the leaf area and dry matter quality presented significant compensatory effects when the minor and moderate deficit of water and biogas slurry happened at seedling stage while sufficient supplied at flowering and fruit-setting stage.Severe deficits at flowering and fruiting stage could seriously inhibit the formation of leaf area and dry matter and decrease the yield of tomato,but mild and moderate water-fertilizer deficits contributed to the accumulation of soluble sugar in tomato fruits.Severe deficit at ripening stage could increase the vitamin C content in tomato fruits.Meanwhile,biogas slurry irrigation could increase soluble solid content and soluble protein content in tomato fruits.The T7 treatment with the water-fertilizer severe deficit at fruit maturity stage(60%FC)had the highest comprehensive scores of yield,quality and water use efficiency,while the T10 treatment(control treatment)had the worst scores.T7 treatment could be used as a reference pattern for indirect subsurface drip irrigation with water/biogas slurry integration.