土壤改良剂对南疆棉田“干播湿出”模式土壤性状和出苗率的影响研究

Effects of Soil Amendments on Soil Properties and Seedling Emergence Rate of Dry Sowing and Wet Emergence Mode in Cotton Field in Southern Xinjiang

以南疆棉田为研究对象,探索南疆棉田“干播湿出”条件下施用土壤改良剂促进棉种发芽出苗的方案。选用腐殖酸,微生物菌剂,蚯蚓酶氮素为土壤改良剂,共设8个试验处理,即腐殖酸(G1)微生物菌剂(G2)、蚯蚓酶氮素(G3)、腐殖酸+微生物菌剂(G4)、腐殖酸+蚯蚓酶氮素(G5)、微生物菌剂+蚯蚓酶氮素(G6)、腐殖酸+碳基酶微生物菌剂+蚯蚓酶氮素(G7)以及不施改良剂(CK)。试验通过“水肥一体技术”,在出苗水时施入不同配比组合的改良剂,研究不同处理对土壤温度、紧实度、含水率、含盐量以及出苗率的影响。试验结果表明:与对照处理相比,在0~20 cm土层盐分差异显著,各改良剂处理均有利于土壤的脱盐。在单施情况下,施腐殖酸的处理土壤含水率最高,水分动态变化最稳定;在配施情况下,G5和G6处理差异不明显,G7处理土壤含水率的整体效果最好。改良剂单施处理中施腐殖酸效果最好,较对照处理平均地温提高了2.9℃;配施情况下,以三种改良剂配施处理效果最好,其次是G4处理,G5和G6处理相差较小。各土壤改良剂处理土壤紧实度均小于对照,各处理差异性不显著(P>0.05)。出苗率越高,产量越高,土壤改良剂的施用均有利于棉花增产,综合分析,腐殖酸(75 kg/hm^(2))+碳基酶生物菌剂(75 kg/hm^(2))+蚯蚓酶氮素(225 kg/hm^(2))三者混合配施是改良土壤、促进棉种发芽出苗的最优方案。

Taking the cotton field in southern Xinjiang as the research object,this paper explored the scheme of applying soil conditioner to promote the germination and emergence of cotton seeds under the condition of dry seeding and wet emergence in the cotton field in southern Xinjiang.In this study,humic acid,microbial agents and earthworm enzyme nitrogen were selected as soil modifiers.A total of 8 experimental treatments were set up,namely humic acid(G1),microbial agents(G2),earthworm enzyme nitrogen(G3),humic acid+microbial agents(G4),humic acid+earthworm enzyme nitrogen(G5),microbial agents+earthworm enzyme nitrogen(G6),humic acid+microbial agents+earthworm enzyme nitrogen(G7)and no modifier(CK).Through the water and fertilizer integration technology,different combinations of modifiers were applied to the seedling emergence water to study the effects of different treatments on soil temperature,compactness,water content,salt content and seedling emergence rate.The results showed that compared with the control treatment,the soil salinity in 0~20 cm soil layer was significantly different and that each treatment was beneficial to soil sesaulting.Under the condition of single application,the treatment of humic acid had the highest soil moisture content and the most stable dynamic change of soil moisture.In the case of combined application,the difference between G5 and G6 treatment was not obvious,and the overall effect of G7 treatment on soil moisture content was the best.The effect of humic acid application was the best in the single application treatment of modifier,and the average ground temperature increased by 2.9℃compared with the control treatment;In the case of combined application,the combined application of three modifiers had the best effect,followed by G4 treatment,and the difference between G5 and G6 treatment was small.The soil compactness of each soil conditioner treatment was lower than that of the control,but there was no significant difference among the treatments(P>0.05).The higher the emergence rate,the higher the yield,and the application of soil conditioner was beneficial to the increase of cotton yield.Comprehensive analysis showed that the mixed application of humic acid(75 kg/hm^(2))+biological agents(75 kg/hm^(2))+earthworm enzyme nitrogen(225 kg/hm^(2))was the best scheme to improve the soil and promote the germination and emergence of cotton seeds.