基于轮作模式的大兴区麦玉灌溉制度优化

Optimization of Wheat and Maize Irrigation System Based on Crop Rotation Mode in Daxing District

优化灌溉制度是提高农业用水效率,保证作物节水稳产的基础。在轮作条件下,冬小麦和夏玉米适宜的水分生产率,是提高作物产量和合理利用水资源的一个重要指标。利用AquaCrop模型模拟了不同灌溉处理条件下,冬小麦-夏玉米轮作模式的生产潜力,并分析其差异以选出最优灌溉制度。结果表明,轮作模式下灌溉定额在300 mm内时,耗水量、产量、水分生产率随灌溉量增加而增大,而土壤水分变化量随灌溉量的增大而减小。当灌溉定额为300 mm时,总产量为16735 kg/hm^(2),总耗水量为758.2 mm,水分生产率为2.21 kg/m^(3),可知在该灌溉制度下以轮作模式种植冬小麦和夏玉米较为节水高效,对于提高研究区域的作物产量,具有重要的现实意义。

Optimizing irrigation system is the basis for improving agricultural water use efficiency and ensuring water conservation and stable yield of crop production.Under the crop rotation conditions,the appropriate water productivity of winter wheat and summer maize is an important indicator for improving crop yield and rational use of water resources.In this paper,the production potential of winter wheatsummer maize crop rotation patterns under different irrigation treatment conditions was simulated by using the AquaCrop model and the differences was analyzed to select the optimal irrigation system.The results showed that water consumption,yield and water productivity increased with the increase of irrigation quota within 300 mm in the rotation mode,while the amount of soil moisture variation decreased as the irrigation volume increased.The total yield was 16735 kg/hm^(2),the total water consumption was 758.2 mm,and the water productivity was 2.21 kg/m^(3) when the irrigation quota was 300 mm.It can be seen that growing winter wheat and summer maize under this irrigation system in the rotation mode is relatively more water-saving and has important practical significance for improving the crop yield in the study area.