微塑料对生态环境影响的研究进展

Research Progress in Impact of Microplastics on Ecological Environment

塑料制品的大量使用以及处理不当带来了诸多环境问题,其中微塑料对生态环境的影响备受关注。介绍微塑料的主要来源、危害,以及对海洋生态环境和饮用水的影响。重点比较了采用红外光谱、拉曼光谱、扫描电子显微镜以及荧光标记等对微塑料的检测分析的优缺点;阐述了采用化学方法-光催化降解、生物方法-酶降解以及物理方法-热降解等方法去除微塑料的原理及效果,展望了减少微塑料污染的几种途径。

The wide use and the improper handling of plastic products have caused many environmental problems,among which the effect of microplastics on the ecological system has attracted much attention.This paper introduces the main sources of microplastics,and their hazards in marine ecological environment and drinking water.Specifically,we review the advantages and disadvantages of the detection technologies and analysis methods for microplastics such as infrared spectroscopy,Raman spectroscopy,scanning electron microscopy and fluorescent labelling etc.The principles and efficiency of microplastics removal by chemical method(photocatalytic degradation),biological method(enzymatic degradation),and physical method(thermal degradation)are described.Several promising ways to reduce microplastic pollution in the future are proposed.