也燀考

On YE CHAN

蒙古语里表示主子、君主的词是“ejen”,元明时代进入汉语,音写为“额毡”“额镇”。明代凉州白塔寺重修白塔树立汉藏二体石碑,碑文中“ejen”借入藏语,记音作“e cen”,再由藏语借入汉文,写作“也燀”;明代藏文书另有一个写法“e chen”。元明时代藏文中,称呼对象是蒙古人的时候用蒙古语“e cen”“e chen”,称呼乌思藏人则用藏语旧有的“mngav bdag”(主子,所有者)等词语。白塔寺藏文碑用“e cen”称呼蒙古阔端,表示其个人身份和那时主仆制的社会结构,更展现藏蒙二者之间文化同化(语言)与族群分异(蒙古对色目)的政治社会状态。

In Mongolian,the word Ejen means the master and even the monarch.It entered Chinese in the Yuan and Ming Dynasties,and its pronunciation is e zhan and e zhen.During the Ming Dynasty,the White Pagoda Temple,Liangzhou rebuilt the White Pagoda and erected a Han-Tibetan Tablet.In its inscription,the word ejen was borrowed into Tibetan language and recorded its sound as e cen,and then borrowed into Chinese from Tibetan language to write也燀.There is another way to write Tibetan books in the Ming Dynasty,e chen.In the Tibetan language of the Yuan and Ming Dynasties,when the addressing object was the Mongols,the Mongolian e cen,e chen was used,and the old Tibetan mngav bdag(Master,owner)and other words were used to address the Wusi Tibetans.The Tibetan tablet of White Pagoda Temple used e-cen to call Mongolia Kuoduan,which indicates its personal identity and the social structure of the master servant system at that time,and also shows the political and social state of cultural assimilation(Language)and ethnic differentiation(Mongolian vs Yellow-eyed Peoples)between Tibet and Mongolia.