清末库伦金矿的开办与蒙古社会

The Development of Urga Gold Mine and Mongolian Society in the late Qing Dynasty

维护“满蒙同盟”的稳固,加强对于蒙古各部的统治,是清朝一直奉行的一项基本政策。在清末库伦金矿的开采过程之中,清政府始终将维护蒙古王公与牧民的利益放在首要地位,格外重视蒙古牧民对于开矿的意见,也曾因遭到蒙古牧民的反对而一度将金矿停办。庚子事变后,由于需要负担巨额的战争赔款,为了获取税收,实现财政开源,清政府在确保不妨碍蒙古牧民生计的前提下恢复了开采。

Maintaining the stability of the“Manchu Mongolian alliance”and strengthening the rule of Mongols was a basic policy pursued by the Qing Dynasty since its founding. In the mining process of Urga gold mine, the Qing government always put the protection of the interests of Mongolian princes and herdsmen in the primary position, paid special attention to the opinions of Mongolian people on mining, and once suspended the mine because of the Mongols’ opposition. After the“Gengzi Incident”, due to the need to bear huge war compensation, in order to obtain tax revenue and realize financial revenue, the mining of Urga gold mine had to be resumed. However, the Qing government still formulated a very complete constitution to ensure that it would not hinder the livelihood of Mongolian people.