大别山区天麻-水稻粮药水旱轮作模式分析与评价

Analysis and evaluation of paddy-upland rotation of Gastrodia elata-Oryza sativa in Dabie Mountains

天麻作为常用名贵中药材,在我国已有两千多年应用历史。随着市场对天麻的需求量不断增加,传统野生资源已无法形成商品。现各地充分发挥地方自然资源优势,大力开展天麻栽培,相继形成具有当地特色的天麻种植模式和技术体系。国家中药材产业技术体系黄冈综合试验站通过连续4年实地走访、指导,优化总结出湖北大别山区天麻-水稻粮药水旱轮作模式。结合天麻、水稻的生态适应性、种植特点及农户实际生产经验,从生产环境选择、菌材处理等方面分析了水旱轮作模式的原理,从生产现状、生态效益、经济效益角度对天麻-水稻水旱轮作模式展开评价。天麻-水稻粮药水旱轮作模式实现了天麻高效栽培,产生了可观的经济效益,该文通过对大别山区天麻-水稻粮药水旱轮作模式总结、分析、评价,提出低海拔地区天麻栽培技术优化方向,即采用天麻共生蜜环菌人工菌棒替代传统段木开展天麻代料栽培,可有效缓解天麻栽培环节产生的“菌林矛盾”。对于改善大别山区乃至同海拔天麻产区生态环境、生产现状具有促进作用。

Gastrodia elata,as the valuable Chinese medicinal material,has been used for more than 2000 years in China.With the increasing market demand for G.elata,the traditional wild resources have been unable to transform into commodities.At present,local authorities give full play to the advantages of natural resources and vigorously cultivate G.elata to form the cultivation mode and technical system with local characteristics.Huanggang Comprehensive Experimental Station of National Technical System of Chinese Medicinal Materials Industry has optimized and summarized the paddy-upland rotation of G.elata-Oryza sativa in Dabie Mountains of Hubei province through field visits and guidance for four consecutive years.Based on the ecological adaptability and planting characteristics of G.elata and O.sativa,and the actual production experience of farmers,analyzed the principle of paddy-upland rotation from production environment selection and fungus treatment,and evaluated the paddy-upland rotation of G.elata-O.sativa from production status,ecological benefits,and economic benefits.The paddy-upland rotation of G.elata-O.sativa has achieved efficient cultivation of G.elata and produced considerable economic benefits.Through the summary,analysis,and evaluation of the paddy-upland rotation mode of G.elata-O.sativa in Dabie Mountains,the present study put forward the optimization strategy of cultivation technology for G.elata in low-altitude areas,i.e.,to use artificial Armillaria sticks instead of traditional cut-log for substitute cultivation of G.elata,which can effectively alleviate the"bacteria-forest contradiction"arising from the cultivation of G.elata.It can also improve the ecological environment and production status of the Dabie Mountains and even the G.elata producing areas at the same altitude.