北京市某养老机构老年群体对肺炎球菌多糖疫苗安全性和有效性认同情况调查

A survey on identification of safety and effectiveness of pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine among a group of elderly people with high educational background

目的 了解北京市某养老机构老年群体肺炎球菌多糖疫苗接种情况,分析对该疫苗安全性和有效性的认同情况及相关影响因素,为探索我国老年人群中较低肺炎球菌疫苗接种率的原因,制定科普宣传策略和寻找宣教干预重点提供参考依据。方法 自行设计调查问卷于2021年3月对北京市某养老机构中≥60岁的老年人进行面对面调查,将调查对象同时认为肺炎球菌多糖疫苗是安全且有效,定义为“认同”,并对数据进行分析。结果 共纳入297名调查对象,中位年龄是83岁,文化程度在大专及以上的有242人(占81.48%)。年龄≥80岁、有北京户籍、有肺炎球菌多糖疫苗接种史、了解肺炎疾病危害的老年人不认同肺炎球菌多糖疫苗安全性和有效性的可能性分别是年龄<80岁、无北京户籍、无肺炎球菌多糖疫苗接种史、不了解肺炎疾病危害者的1.827倍(95%CI:1.056~3.160)、0.493倍(95%CI:0.264~0.921)、0.574倍(95%CI:0.335~0.983)和0.457倍(95%CI:0.214~0.976)(均P<0.05)。结论 将年龄≥80岁、外地户籍、无肺炎球菌多糖疫苗接种史、不了解肺炎疾病危害的老年人群作为重点宣教对象,宣教内容应注重疾病危害、疫苗的安全性和有效性,采用多种科普宣传策略增加老年人群对疫苗的了解程度,可能会对北京市老年群体提高对该疫苗的认同程度和疫苗接种率起到积极推进作用。

Objective To investigate the vaccination status of the pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine among a group of elderly people with high educational background in Beijing, analyze the identification of the safety and effectiveness of the vaccine and the related influencing factors,and provide a scientific basis for exploring the reasons of the lower pneumococcal vaccination rate among the elderly in China,formulating the strategy of science popularization and looking for the intervention focus. Methods A self-designed questionnaire was used to conduct a face-to-face survey among the elderly aged 60 and above in a institution of Beijing on March,2021. The respondents who believed that pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine is both safe and effective were defined as "Identification". And the data were analyzed. Results A total of 297 respondents were included in the study. The median age was 83 years old,and 242 people(81.48%) had education level of junior college education or above. The probability that the risk for the elderly with the age of ≥80 years old,a registered residence in Beijing,a history of pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccination,and a knowledge of the risk of pneumonia,who did not agree with the safety and effectiveness of pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine was 1.827 times(95%CI:1.056-3.160),0.493 times(95%CI:0.264-0.921),0.574 times(95%CI:0.335-0.983) and 0.457 times(95%CI:0.214-0.976),respectively,as compared with the elderly who were <80 years old,no registered residence in Beijing,no history of pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccination. Conclusion The elderly who are aged ≥80 years old,non registered residence in Beijing,no vaccination history against pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine,not understanding the risk of pneumonia should be considered as the key target population,and the content of the education focuses on the harm of diseases,the safety and effectiveness of vaccines,with varieties of popular science propaganda strategies to increase the understanding of vaccines among the elderly population,which may play a positive role in promoting the recognition of vaccine and the vaccination rate among the elderly population in Beijing.