艺术家移民在乡村旅游社区的社会融合研究——基于场域理论

A Study on Social Integration of Artist Migrants into Rural Tourism Communities——Based on Bourdieu’s Field Theory

随着乡村旅游的发展,越来越多艺术家为寻求更好的生活方式和居住环境而移居乡村,在此背景下出现的社会融合问题亟待学术界的探究。文章以四川成都蒲江县明月村为案例地,综合运用了深度访谈、参与/非参与式观察、焦点小组访谈等质性研究方法,对艺术家移民与村民的社会融合进行探究。文章关注时空演进下艺术家移民在乡村社区所处的不同场域及场域内部的要素变化,基于“行动目标-行动条件-行动策略-行动结果”的分析框架,详尽解构出艺术家移民于入“场”期、造“场”期和固“场”期3个阶段,分别在乡村生活场域、乡村文化场域和乡村旅游经营场域,与当地村民的社会融合过程。在场域单元化分析的基础上,文章对艺术家移民与村民的社会融合过程进行了系统分析,发现该社会融合呈现出多场域渗透机制和多群体分层机制。该研究不仅促进了对新的社会流动现象的理论阐释,也给乡村探索新的监管和治理模式提出了具体建议。

With the development of rural tourism,more and more artists choose to move to rural areas for a better lifestyle and living environment.In this context,the social integration of artist migrants becomes an important issue that requires careful study by academia.Taking Mingyue village in Pujiang county,Chengdu,Sichuan province as a case site,the study explored the local integration of artist migrants comprehensively through qualitative research methods such as in-depth interviews,participant/non-participant observation,and focus group interviews.The research team conducted two field studies in Mingyue village from July 20 to July 28,2019 and from August 15 to August 20,2020,collecting audio recordings of more than 300,000 Chinese characters and secondary data of over 150,000 Chinese characters.The study,from a perspective of the evolution of time and space,focused on different fields where artist migrants are and the changes of elements within those fields in rural communities.Based on a logical framework of the“goal-condition-strategy-result”of their action,this study offered a detailed analysis of the social integration process of artist migrants in rural life,culture and tourism business in three stages of“entry”,“creation”and“fixation”.It is found that difference in capital is a prominent factor affecting the integration,regardless of the field.With strong advantages in cultural,economic and social capital,artist immigrants can quickly occupy a prominent position and become a dominant group in the cultural and tourism business fields,leading to reversed cultural integration,partial integration into the local economy,and competition distinction.In addition to the separate analysis,the study also carried out a systematical analysis based on findings and further found that the social integration features multi-field infiltration and multi-group classification.In general,artist migrants and local villagers are not simply in a state of integration or distinction,but in a state of classified integration,showing an overall trend of small-scale integration and group distinction.All these findings bring us to the positive effects of artists’migration.Instead of unilaterally grabbing resources,they provide more resources and development opportunities for rural areas,improve the rural economic structure and enhance local cultural aesthetics.However,it is also a reminder of potential problems in social integration.In the long run,the small-scope and low-degree integration of artist migrants into different fields may provoke community conflicts that undermine rural sustainable development.Moreover,the reversed cultural integration may result in the loss of local traditions and profound history.In conclusion,this study presented a theoretical interpretation of the new social mobility and provided suggestions to local governments for scientifically introducing external stimuli into rural tourism and guiding social integration more effectively.