磁性纳米Fe_(3)O_(4)吸附材料的制备及在废水处理中的应用

Preparation of magnetic nano-Fe_(3)O_(4) and its application in wastewater treatment

随着工业化进程的加快,一些含染料、难降解污染物、乳液等的有机废水大量排放,对人类和大自然都造成了不可逆转的危害,因此开发一种吸附容量大、分离效果好、循环稳定的吸附剂用于废水处理富有重要意义。磁性纳米Fe_(3)O_(4)复合材料具有选择性好、可快速分离、可循环利用等优点,在有机废水处理方面具有良好的应用前景,近年来受到科研工作者和水处理行业的广泛关注。文章首先介绍了磁性纳米Fe_(3)O_(4)吸附材料的制备方法,一些含有特定功能基团的吸附材料进行磁改性方法,及其对磁性吸附材料工业化生产促进作用;其次通过追踪在实际有机废水应用的研究动态,归纳总结了磁性复合材料的吸附机理;最后对磁性材料的发展前景进行了展望。从现有研究可以看出,今后应该开发更高效、适用范围更广的复合纳米Fe_(3)O_(4)磁性材料,并针对不同水质,进一步优化磁性Fe_(3)O_(4)纳米材料的制备方案,减少使用过程中的环境健康影响,增加其循环再生性能。

With the acceleration of industrialization,a large amount of wastewater containing emulsions,dyes,and refractory organics have been discharged,causing irreversible harm to both human beings and nature.Therefore,it is of great significance to develop an adsorbent with large adsorption capacity and good separation effect for wastewater treatment.Magnetic nano-Fe_(3)O_(4),with the advantages of good selectivity,rapid separation and being recyclable,has been widely concerned by scientists and engineers for its promising application.Herein,the preparation methods of magnetic nano-Fe_(3)O_(4) adsorbents and the modified nano-Fe_(3)O_(4) containing specific functional groups are introduced.The adsorption mechanism of magnetic composite materials is concluded by tracing the research trends in actual wastewater application.It is suggested that the preparation of magnetic nanomaterials should be further optimized in order to meet the needs of different wastewater,and more efficient and more widely applicable compounds should be developed to reduce the impact on environment,and to increase their desorption regeneration performance and improve recycling efficiency.