网运关系调整视角下的铁路运价机制改革研究

Research on the Reform of Railway Price Mechanism from the Perspective of Network Transport Relationship Adjustment

铁路网运关系是指铁路基础设施网络所有权和运营权的关系,是铁路管理体制改革的重要组成部分,决定着管理体制能否适应铁路市场化改革的要求。随着我国铁路初步实现政企分开,管理体制改革已初见成效,网运关系调整势在必行。我国铁路网运关系调整主要有网运分离、区域公司两种备选模式。铁路运输价格作为运输市场中调节供求关系、合理配置资源、参与竞争的重要工具,其改革应紧随铁路网运关系调整步伐。在网运关系调整的两种备选模式下,应针对目前运价机制存在的问题,根据不同模式的组织机构重组、引入竞争方式等特征,对相应的运价机制进行改革。在网运分离改革模式下,推行网运分开,区分铁路行业垄断环节和竞争环节,进行分类定价和监管。在区域公司改革模式下,应加强现代化企业制度建设,扩大运输主体定价权力,根据区域内运输市场竞争情况及区域经济发展水平,建立灵活多变的运价体系和运价形式。

Railway network transportation relationship refers to the relationship between ownership and operation rights of railway infrastructure network.It constitutes an important part in railway management system reform and determines whether the management system can adapt to the trend of market development.With the separation of enterprises from government management in the railway industry,the reform of the railway management system has achieved initial results and make it imperative to adjust the relationship between network and transportation.There are two alternative modes to adjust the transportation relationship of the national railway network:network transportation separation and regional company.As an important lever to regulate the supply and demand relationship,rationally allocate resources and participate in the competition in the transportation market,railway freight should be reformed by following the pace of the railway network transportation relationship adjustment.Under the two alternative modes of network transport relationship adjustment,the corresponding freight rate mechanism should be reformed in view of the problems in the current freight rate mechanism and based on the characteristics of restructuring of organization and way of the introduction of competition of different modes.Under the reform mode of separation of network and transport,the separation of network and transport should be carried out to distinguish monopoly links and competitive links in the railway industry,and conduct classified pricing and supervision.Under the reform mode of regional companies,the construction of modern enterprise system should be strengthened to expand the pricing power of transportation subjects,and establish flexible freight rate system and form according to the regional transportation market competition and regional economic development level.