广西道路交通伤害的流行病学特征

Epidemiological features of road traffic injuries in Guangxi

目的了解广西地区5家哨点医院监测的道路交通伤害(RTIs)病例流行病学特征,为该地区RTIs的预防和治疗提供针对性干预的依据。方法收集2018—2020年广西5家哨点医院(广西壮族自治区人民医院、南宁市第九人民医院、隆安县人民医院、崇左市扶绥县人民医院、百色市人民医院)1448例RTIs患者的流行病学资料,包括路交通伤害患者性别、年龄、伤害发生时间、道路、部位、急诊滞留时间等,并分析变化规律。结果本次调查共收集1448例RTIs患者,其中男女比例为1.61∶1,年龄为(43.90±19.10)岁。RTIs在8月份最高发(200例,13.81%),24 h内以16∶00~17∶59时间段最高发(228例,15.75%)。RTIs发生场景中直行道路占72.10%,搭载工具中电动摩托车占48.48%。道路交通伤害受伤类型主要为闭合型(990例,68.37%),受伤部位主要为皮肤(742例,51.24%)和颅脑(310例,21.41%),颅脑损伤占死亡病例的55.00%。院前转运方式通过120比例最高占97.10%。结论广西道路交通伤的高发期为每年8月,每日16:00~17∶59时间段高发。电动摩托车事故在广西RTIs中占有重要比例,颅脑损伤是导致交通伤害死亡的重要原因。医疗急救部门应重视RTIs,特别是颅脑损伤的快速甄别和救治。

Objective To understand the epidemiological characteristics of road traffic injuries(RTIs)cases monitored by five sentinel hospitals in Guangxi,and to provide evidence for targeted interventions for the prevention and treatment of RTIs in this area.Methods From 2018 to 2020,1448 RTIs patients from five sentinel hospitals in Guangxi(Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region People's Hospital,Ninth People's Hospital of Nanning,People's Hospital of Long'an County,Fusui County People's Hospital and Baise People's Hospital)were enrolled.The epidemiological data including gender,age,injury occurrence time,road,location and emergency stay time of RTIs patients were analyzed.Results A total of 1448 RTIs patients were investigated.The proportion of male and female ratio was 1.61:1,and the age was(43.90±19.10)years old.The highest incidence of RTIs occurred in August(200 cases,13.81%),and from 16:00 to 17:59(228 cases,15.75%)within 24 hours.In the scene of RTIs,straight roads and electric motorcycles were most commonly seen,which accounted for 72.10%and 48.48%,respectively.The injury type of RTIs was mainly closed type(990 cases,68.37%),and the injured parts were mainly skin(742 cases,51.24%)and cranial brain(310 cases,21.41%).Craniocerebral injury accounted for 55.00%of deaths.A total of 97.10%of the patients were transferred by emergency ambulance.Conclusions The high incidence of RTIs in Guangxi is in August every year,and the highest incidence time is from 16:00 to 17:59 every day.Electric motorcycle accidents have a high proportion of RTIs in Guangxi,and craniocerebral injury is an important cause of traffic injury and death.Emergency department should pay attention to the treatment of RTIs,especially craniocerebral injury.