刑事诉讼中个人信息保护的模式选择

The Model Selection of Personal Information Protection in Criminal Proceedings

在刑事诉讼中,个人信息权不符合以正当程序权为核心的刑事诉讼人权特征,其所涵盖的被遗忘权、数据访问权亦不具有独立的诉讼权利属性。个人信息的独立权利论缺乏正当性根据,不宜作为刑事诉讼中个人信息的保护模式。基于刑事诉讼利益衡量的特殊性和刑事诉讼人权的个体性与消极性,刑事诉讼中个人信息保护应针对的是集合性一般信息向私密性敏感信息的转化风险,具体表现为个人信息不受过度收集的权利。相应地,个人信息保护也应通过对信息性隐私权的概念解读进入刑事诉讼视野,即采取依附型保护模式。对此,应通过适度引入个人信息保护的基础原则和限制概括性取证来应对新兴权利诉求对刑事司法制度的冲击与挑战。

In criminal procedure, the right to personal information does not conform to the human rights characteristics of criminal procedure centered on due process right, in which the right to be forgotten and the right to access data possess no attributes of independent litigation right.The theory of the independent right to personal information lacks a legitimate basis and should not be used as the protection model of personal information in criminal proceedings.Given the particularity of interest measurement and the individuality and negativity of human rights in criminal procedure, the protection of personal information in the criminal procedure should be aimed at the risk of transformation from collective general information to private sensitive information.Specifically, it is the right of personal information not to be excessively collected.Accordingly, the personal information protection should be included in the scope of criminal procedure by the conceptual interpretation of the informational privacy, i.e.,the dependency protection model.In this regard, the criminal proceeding should appropriately introduce the basic principles of personal information protection and the limited general forensic to deal with the impact and challenge of emerging right claim on the criminal justice system.