外泌体在心血管疾病诊治中的应用

Application of exosomes in the diagnosis and treatment of cardiovascular diseases

心血管疾病的发病率不断上升且病死率较高,严重危害人类生命健康。外泌体是一种直径为30~150 nm的脂质包裹体结构,由体内大多数细胞分泌,内部包裹其分泌细胞来源的蛋白、脂质、核酸等物质,在机体细胞间相互作用过程中起着介导免疫应答、炎症反应、细胞迁移和分化等多种生物学作用。近年来,外泌体研究取得重大进展且在心血管疾病中的作用受到越来越多的关注。外泌体在心肌细胞间、心脏与外周组织间发挥通信作用,为心血管疾病的诊断和治疗提供了新策略。该文综述外泌体在心力衰竭、病毒性心肌炎、川崎病、扩张型心肌病等心血管疾病诊治中的应用。

The cardiovascular diseases,which have the increasing incidence and high mortality rate,have brought a great impact on people′s lives and health.Being lipid inclusions with 30~150 nm in diameter,exosomes can be secreted by most cells in the body,and proteins,lipids,nucleic acids and other substances derived from those cells are wrapped inside.Exosomes play a variety of biological roles in the communication between cells,such as mediating immune response,inflammatory response,cell migration and differentiation.Research on exosomes has made significant progress,and the roles of exosomes in cardiovascular diseases have consequently attracted more and more attention in recent years.The communication of exosomes between cardiomyocytes and between heart and peripheral tissues has provided new strategies for the diagnosis and treatment of cardiovascular diseases.Application of exosomes in the diagnosis and treatment of cardiovascular diseases such as heart failure,viral myocarditis,Kawasaki disease and dilated cardiomyopathy is summarized in this review.