基于生态承载力预警的土壤侵蚀敏感红线划分研究--以陕西省为例

Zoning the Sensitivity Red-line of Soil Erosion Based on an Early-warning System of Ecological Carrying Capacity-A Case Study of Shaanxi Province

土壤侵蚀敏感红线是生态保护红线体系的重要构成,土壤侵蚀敏感红线划分过程中过度概括性或简单化的阈值判定,对区域土壤侵蚀风险的承载能力考虑不足。为科学准确地划定区域土壤侵蚀敏感红线,以陕西省为例,基于不同侵蚀类型区生态承载力预警评估,综合判定并划分形成科学的土壤侵蚀敏感红线方案。结果表明:(1)陕西省土壤侵蚀整体呈现出由北向南逐渐加剧的特征,生态承载力以预警和临界预警为主,预警区总面积约105108.83 km^(2),占陕西省国土面积的51.13%。(2)陕西省土壤侵蚀敏感红线总面积为19641.66 km^(2),以草地和耕地为主,占到全省国土面积的9.67%,集中分布于渭北塬区及其北部的黄土丘陵沟壑区,零星分散于陕南秦巴山区的东南部。(3)基于生态承载力预警的土壤侵蚀敏感红线划分技术框架,提高了生态保护红线划定的科学性和准确性,可适用于不同自然地域单元以生态敏感性识别为基础的生态保护红线划定。研究结果将对国土空间规划中生态保护红线的划定、各类区划及规划边界的优化衔接提供科学参考。

Sensitivity redline of soil erosion is one of the key components of Ecological Red Line(ERL).At present,an overgeneralization as well as simplification of threshold method is a very common in research of zoning the sensitivity redline of soil erosion,which is lack of the consideration of ecological carrying capacity.Therefore,taking Shaanxi Province as an example,we comprehensively divided the sensitive red-line of soil and water loss on provincial scale based on the regional ecological carrying capacity.The results show that:(1)soil erosion in Shaanxi Province as a whole is gradually intensifying from north to south;most areas are characterized by early-warning and critical early-warning for their ecological carrying capacity,but the total area of the early-warning zone is 105108.83 km^(2),accounting for 51.13%of the land area of this province;(2)the total area of the ERL of soil and water loss in Shaanxi Province is 19641.66 km^(2),which mainly consists of grassland and farmland,accounting for 9.67%of the land area of this province;they are clustered together in the Qinba mountains of southeast Shaanxi and the Weibei rainfed tableland of the Loess Plateau;(3)the technical framework of the demarcation of sensitive red-line of soil and water loss based on ecological carrying capacity of early-warning can be conducive to the reasonability and accuracy of the ERL;this criterion can be applied to the demarcation of the ERL based on the identification of ecological importance and sensitivity in different natural areas.This research can provide a scientific reference for the demarcation of the ERL,and for the optimization and connection of various divisions and planning boundaries.