中国省域农业科技创新能力测度与空间分布

Measurement and Spatial Distribution of Agricultural Science and Technology Innovation Capability at Provincial Level in China

农业科技创新能力是促进农业现代化发展的关键。从投入能力、产出能力、创新环境3个方面入手,选取2001—2019年农业固定资产投资、国家用于教育资金投资、R&D人员数量、农业从业总人数、专利数量、农业总产值、农民总人数、农民人均收入等指标数据构建农业科技创新能力测度指标体系,运用熵值法对中国31个省份(未包括港澳台)农业科技创新能力进行测度,分析农业科技创新发展趋势与空间特征。结果表明,各省份之间的农业科技创新能力存在较大差异,总体上东部省份的水平显著高于西部地区,且这种差异短期内很难消除。最后,从提高农户专业知识、提高各省份经济发展水平、加强对科研人员投入、激发研究人员积极性4个方面提出了缓解中国省域农业科技创新能力差异的对策建议。

The ability of agricultural science and technology innovation is the key to promoting the development of agricultural modernization.Starting from the three aspects of input capacity,output capacity,and innovation environment,selecting the index data from 2001 to 2019,the agricultural investment in fixed assets,the national education funds investment,number of R&D personnel,total number of agricultural workers,patent number,total agricultural output value,the total number of peasants,farmers per capita income were used to construct an index system for measuring the ability of agricultural science and technology innovation.The Entropy method was used to measure the ability of agricultural science and technology innovation in 31 provinces in China(excluding Hong Kong,Macao and Taiwan),and the development trend and spatial characteristics of agricultural science and technology innovation were analyzed.The results showed that there is a big difference in the agricultural science and technology innovation ability among provinces.Generally speaking,the level of the eastern provinces is significantly higher than that of the western regions,and this difference is difficult to eliminate in the short term.Finally,countermeasures and suggestions to alleviate the differences in agricultural science and technology innovation capabilities in China’s provinces were put forward from four aspects:improving the professional knowledge of farmers,improving the economic development level of each province,strengthening the investment in scientific research personnel,and stimulating the enthusiasm of researchers.