基于沙盘的飞行员夜视训练系统研制

Development of pilots'night vision training system based on terrain board

目的:研制一种基于沙盘的飞行员夜视训练系统,实现夜天光照和典型地貌的实验室模拟,以用于飞行员地面夜视训练。方法:该系统由夜天光模拟模块、地貌仿真沙盘模型、沙盘灯光及控制模块组成。其中夜天光模拟模块由稳定光源和光学系统组成,采用色温为2856 K的卤素灯作为光源,通过调光器实现照度连续调节,并利用积分球形成均匀照射面;地貌仿真沙盘模型采用相应的制作工艺及材料模拟山脉、海面、机场、铁路、村庄、建筑等不同地貌特征;沙盘灯光及控制模块模拟机场、城市等典型灯光,由设计的光源筒作为光源,通过电气控制箱和遥控盒等进行灯光控制。结果:该系统能够很好地模拟夜间特殊视觉现象,通过训练可以让飞行员掌握夜间飞行时的视觉功能变化特点。结论:该系统可实现飞行员裸眼和佩戴夜视镜时的夜间飞行特殊视觉现象地面模拟训练,有利于提升飞行员夜间飞行能力。

Objective To develop a pilots’ night vision training system based on the terrain board to realize laboratory simulation of the night environment illumination and typical terrains, so as to facilitate the pilots’ ground experience training.Methods A pilots’ night vision training system was developed composed of a night glow simulation module, a landscape simulation terrain board model and a terrain board lighting and control module. The night glow simulation module consisted of a stable light source and an optical system, which used a halogen lamp with color temperature of 2 856 K as the light source,achieved continuous adjustment of illumination through dimmer and applied an integrated sphere to forming a uniform illumination surface;the landscape simulation terrain board model adopted corresponding production process and materials to simulate different landscape features such as mountains, sea, airports, railroads, villages and buildings;the terrain board lighting and control module simulated typical lighting of airports and cities, with the designed light source cylinder as the light source and lighting control through electrical control boxes and remote control boxes. Results The pilots’ night vision training system developed was capable of simulating special visual phenomena at night, and made pilots master the characteristics of visual function changes during night flight after training. Conclusion The pilots’ night vision training system developed realizes the ground simulation training of special visual phenomenon of night flight when pilots are naked-eyed and wearing night vision goggles, which is beneficial to enhance the pilots’ ability for night flight. [Chinese Medical Equipment Journal,2022,43(7):23-27]