饲养密度对断奶巴马香猪仔猪生长与行为的影响

Effects of Feeding Density on Growth and Behavior of Weaned Bama Miniature Pig

试验旨在研究不同饲养密度对断奶巴马香猪仔猪生长性能、腹泻率、行为、免疫指标及抗氧化指标的影响。试验采用单因素随机试验设计,选取体重相近(6.92±0.17)kg的132头巴马香猪断奶仔猪,饲养密度分为4个梯度,每个梯度3个重复,每个重复1栏。分别为Ⅰ组每栏8头(0.56 m^(2)/头),Ⅱ组每栏10头(0.45 m^(2)/头),Ⅲ组每栏12头(0.38 m^(2)/头),Ⅳ组每栏14头(0.32 m^(2)/头);试验设预试期2 d,试验期28 d,共计30 d。结果显示:(1)Ⅰ组、Ⅱ组、Ⅲ组ADG均显著高于Ⅳ组(P<0.05);Ⅰ组、Ⅱ组、Ⅲ组的ADFI显著高于Ⅳ组(P<0.05)。(2)腹泻率各组差异均不显著(P>0.05)。(3)争斗频率(次/组)随饲养密度增加而逐渐升高,Ⅰ组、Ⅱ组、Ⅲ组、Ⅳ组两两间争斗频率(次/组)均差异显著(P<0.05);Ⅰ组站立时间显著低于Ⅱ组、Ⅲ组、Ⅳ组(P<0.05),Ⅱ组、Ⅲ组显著低于Ⅳ组(P<0.05);Ⅰ组休息时间显著高于Ⅱ组、Ⅲ组、Ⅳ组(P<0.05),Ⅱ组、Ⅲ组显著高于Ⅳ组(P<0.05)。(4)IgA浓度Ⅰ组与Ⅱ组均显著高于Ⅲ组和Ⅳ组(P<0.05),同时Ⅲ组中IgA浓度也显著高于Ⅳ组(P<0.05);Ⅰ组、Ⅱ组、Ⅲ组COR浓度显著高于Ⅳ组(P<0.05)。(5)Ⅳ组中MDA浓度显著高于Ⅰ组、Ⅱ组、Ⅲ组(P<0.05)。综上可知,随着饲养密度的增大,巴马香猪生长性能、免疫指标、抗氧化指标均有不同程度的降低,争斗频率和站立时间显著增高;在此背景下,Ⅱ组、Ⅲ组(0.38~0.45 m^(2)/头)的饲养密度更适合巴马香猪断奶仔猪的集约化饲养。

The experiment was conducted to study the effects of different feeding densities on growth performance,diarrhea rate,action behavior,immune indexes and antioxidant indexes of Bama Miniature pig.A single factor randomized design was used to select 132 Bama Miniature pig with similar body weight(6.92±0.17 kg).The feeding density was divided into 4 gradients,with 3 replicates for each gradient and 1 piggery for each replicate,groupⅠhad 8 pigs per piggery(0.56 m^(2)/pig),groupⅡ10 pigs(0.45 m^(2)/pig),groupⅢ12 pigs(0.38 m^(2)/pig)and groupⅣ14 pigs(0.32 m^(2)/pig)in each piggery.The pre-trial was 2 days and experimental period 28 days,altogether 30 days.The results showed that(1)the ADG of groupⅠ,Ⅱ,Ⅲwas significantly higher than that of groupⅣ(P<0.05);the ADFI of groupⅠ,ⅡandⅢwas significantly higher than that of groupⅣ(P<0.05).(2)There was no significant difference in diarrhea rate among groups(P>0.05).(3)There was significant difference in fighting frequency(times/group)between all groups(P<0.05);standing time(rest time)of groupⅠwas significantly lower than groupⅡ,ⅢandⅣ(P<0.05),and that of groupⅡand groupⅢwas lower than group IV(P<0.05),resting time of groupⅠwas significantly higher than groupⅡ,ⅢandⅣ(P<0.05),that of groupⅡand groupⅢwas higher than group IV(P<0.05).(4)The concentrations of IgA in groupⅠand groupⅡwas significantly higher than that in groupⅢand groupⅣ(P<0.05),and the concentration of IgA in groupⅢwas also significantly higher than that in groupⅣ(P<0.05);The concentration of COR in groupⅠ,ⅡandⅢwas significantly higher than that in groupⅣ(P<0.05).(5)The MDA concentration in group IV was significantly higher than that in group I,II and III(P<0.05).In conclusion,with the increase of feeding density,the growth performance,immune indexes and antioxidant indexes of Bama Miniature pig decreased to varying degrees,and the fighting frequency and standing time increased significantly.In this context,the feeding density of group II and group III(0.38~0.45 m^(2)/pig)is more suitable for the intensive feeding of Bama Miniature pig.