基于知识翻译学的翻译研究与知识转化

Epistemological Aspect of Translation Studies and Modes of Knowledge Transfer

知识是文化的具象化存在,是介乎文化与语言之间的思想物质。本质上讲,翻译是跨语际/文化知识管理、转移和转化的过程。学界致力于多路径的探索,从本体论、价值论、方法论等基点出发,试图揭示翻译的本源,对翻译现象和问题进行多维度的指向性表征,但似乎未对其实质给予认识本源上的廓清和解释。从认识论或认知起点出发,厘清翻译概念,接近翻译活动本质,是构建知识翻译学的一个可行路径。依照知识增殖链条上的信息、知识、智慧三个关键点,我们可以将翻译领域的知识转化简约为仿造、改造和创造三种模式,将韦努蒂提出的异化/归化策略加以改进和细化,不仅能将翻译研究聚合化,而且有助于指导具体的翻译实践活动。

Knowledge, as the embodied existence of culture, acts as a mediator and the substance of thought lying between culture and language. Essentially, translation is the process of managing, transferring and transforming knowledge among languages and cultures. Scholars in translation studies have devoted themselves to exploring multiple paths, starting from ontological, axiological and methodological perspectives, trying to reveal the origin of translation and to provide a multi-dimensional and multi-directional representation of translation phenomena and issues, but seemingly failing to clarify and explain its essence in terms of epistemology. Starting from the epistemological or cognitive standpoint, clarifying the concept of translation and approaching the essence of translation activities is a feasible path to construct knowledge translation studies or transknowletology. Based on the three key phases, respectively information, knowledge and wisdom in the knowledge hierarchy, we can simplify the knowledge transfer in the field of translation into three modes of reproducing, modifying and creating, and improve and refine the strategies of translation proposed by Lawrence Venuti in 1998, which can not only converge translation researches, but also provide a reliable guidance for specific translation practices.