中国城市青年住房:代际差距扩大及影响机制

Housing for Young People in Urban China:Increased Intergenerational Gap and Its Determining Factors

在全球住房金融化和世代不平等日渐加剧的背景下,论文探讨了当前中国城市青年住房状况及其制度成因。基于CHFS 2011—2019年数据的分析发现,相比于非青年,大龄青年人均住房面积劣势已经从3平米扩大到了9平米;同时,低龄青年的面积劣势也开始显现。大约60%的代际差距归因于房价增速超过收入增速的市场因素。大部分家庭参与到了直接或间接的青年住房补偿之中,提供首付的家庭比例在20年间从9%上升到了53%,但是“天花板效应”已经出现。保障房形式以及自建扩建和小产权房等住房再分配形式发挥了重要的缓解作用,但仅能补偿6.5%的代际差距。研究结果提醒,应更加关注房价过快上涨下,大龄青年群体的住房困难;更充分发挥保障房、自建扩建等正式与非正式住房的保障功能。

This article explores the deteriorating housing conditions of young people in urban China and its institutional causes under the global trend of housing financialization and inter-generational inequality.An analysis of CHFS 2011-2019 data found that compared with non-young people,older youth are in a disadvantageous position in terms of per capita housing area with the intergenerational gap increased from 3m~2 to 9m~2 under certain controls.Meanwhile,the disadvantageous position of younger youth has just appeared.60%of this intergenerational gap comes from the market,where the growth of housing priced outpaces the growth of income.Families strive to play a compensatory role,with the proportion of households providing a down payment increased from 9%to 53%in 20 years.By now,most households have participated in direct or indirect youth housing compensation,but a ceiling effect has also been reached.As for redistribution,the continuous expansion of affordable housing,as well as self-built and small property houses have played an important role but only cover 6.5%of the intergenerational gap.There are two policy implications for this study.First,policy makers must be aware of the housing difficulties of older youth groups.Second,protective function in affordable housing and self-built small property housing must be recognized,no matter whether they are formal or informal.