基于动脉铸型标本的猪股骨头内滋养动脉分布规律的解剖学研究

Anatomical study on the distribution of the internal arteries of the pig femoral head based on arterial cast specimens

目的探讨猪股骨头内滋养动脉的分布规律及其意义。方法选择20例带髋周血管的新鲜猪股骨头标本,制备成股骨头内滋养动脉铸型标本。肉眼及显微镜下观察股骨头骨内动脉的来源、数量、走行特点及分布情况,显微镜下测量股骨头内滋养动脉中最粗骺动脉主干起始点的外径。结果在猪股骨头内,动脉依其分支走行分布可分为骺动脉区、骺动脉网区和骺上动脉区共3个区。骺动脉起源于支持带动脉,其总数量为5~13(8.7±2.2)支;骺动脉区分为上骺动脉、下骺动脉、前骺动脉3组,分别为(3.2±1.4)、(3.2±1.3)、(2.3±0.8)支,各组中最粗支起始点外径分别为(0.43±0.16)、(0.50±0.08)、(0.34±0.12)mm。3组骺动脉沿皮质下走行,跨越骺板后直接吻合交通形成骺动脉网区。3组骺动脉及骺动脉网向上发出的呈辐射状分支组成骺上动脉区,分布于股骨头软骨下,近中央致密,近周边稀疏。结论在猪股骨头内,动脉根据其分支、走行及分布分为3个区,其中骺动脉区动脉的走行特点和口径大小为显微吻合提供了解剖学基础,骺动脉网的存在可能为股骨头整体供血理论提供了解剖学依据。

Objective This study aimed to discuss the distribution of the internal nourishing arteries of pig femoral head and its significance.Methods Twenty fresh pig femoral head specimens with blood vessels around the hip were prepared as cast specimens of the internal femoral head artery.The source,quantity,running characteristics,and distribution of the internal femoral head arteries were observed with the naked eye and under a microscope.The outer diameter of the starting point of the thickest main epiphyseal artery in the internal femoral head artery was measured under a microscope.Results The internal arteries of the pig femoral head were divided into the epiphyseal artery area,the epiphyseal artery network area,and the supraphyseal artery area according to branch,running and release.The epiphyseal artery area was mainly composed of epiphyseal arteries,inferior epiphyseal arteries,and anterior epiphyseal arteries.The epiphyseal arteries originated from the retinacular belt arteries.The total number of epiphyseal arteries was 5-13(8.7±2.2),of which the epiphyseal artery,inferior epiphyseal artery,and anterior epiphyseal artery were(3.2±1.4),(3.2±1.3),and(2.3±0.8),respectively.The diameter of the starting point of the thickest support was(0.43±0.16),(0.50±0.08),and(0.34±0.12)mm,respectively.The three groups of epiphyseal arteries traveled under the cortex,crossed the epiphyseal plate,and directly anastomosed and communicated to form an epiphyseal artery network area.The three groups of epiphyseal arteries and the radiating branches of the epiphyseal artery network formed the supraphyseal artery area,which was distributed under the cartilage of the femoral head,densed near the center,and sparsed near the periphery.Conclusion Porcine femoral head internal arteries can be divided into three zones according to their branch running and release.The running characteristics and diameter of the epiphyseal arteries provide an anatomical basis for the microanastomosis,and the epiphyseal arterial network may provide an anatomical basis for the theory of the overall blood supply of the femoral head.