化肥减量配施生物有机肥对露地大白菜产量及品质的影响

Effect of reducing chemical fertilizer and applying bio-organic fertilizer on yield and quality of Chinese cabbage in open field

为改善大白菜因化肥过量使用而造成的产量下降、品质变劣和肥料利用率低等问题,以露地栽培旺春大白菜为试材,共设置不施肥(CK1)、常规施肥(CK2)、化肥平衡施肥(T1)、化肥减量30%+6000 kg·hm^(-2)生物有机肥(T2)、化肥减量30%+9000 kg·hm^(-2)生物有机肥(T3)、化肥减量40%+6000 kg·hm^(-2)生物有机肥(T4)、化肥减量40%+9000 kg·hm^(-2)生物有机肥(T5)7个处理,分析了不同施肥处理对大白菜生长、产量及品质的影响。结果表明:施用生物有机肥不同程度提高了各处理根系活力和叶绿素含量,较当地常规施肥根系活力提高了15.5%-40.3%,叶绿素含量提高了11.5%-37.5%,且随生物有机肥施用量的增加而增加。T1-T5处理较CK2增产0.04%-20.91%,其中T3处理增产率最高为20.91%,其经济效益增加9.04%,施用生物有机肥提高了肥料贡献率,化肥减量30%并配施生物有机肥提升效果最显著。T3处理可溶性糖、可溶性蛋白、游离氨基酸含量分别比CK2高0.91百分点、81.00%和9.61%,施用生物有机肥各处理硝酸盐含量降低11-53%-21.52%,V_(c)、总黄酮、硫苷含量T3处理显著高于CK2,总酚含量各处理差异不显著。各处理矿质元素含量较CK2有不同程度提高,施用生物有机肥后提高更明显。对15项指标进行隶属函数分析,综合评价以T3处理化肥减量30%并配施9000 kg·hm^(-2)生物有机肥效果最佳,其次为T2>T5>T1>T4>CK2>CK1。

In order to improve Chinese cabbage's problems of reduced yield,poor quality and low fertilizer utilization caused by excessive use of chemical fertilizers,Wangchun Chinese cabbage cultured in the open field was used as the test material,and no fertilization(CK1)and conventional fertilization(CK2),chemical fertilizer balance fertiliza-tion(T1),chemical fertilizer reduction of 30%+6000 kg·hm^(-2) biological organic fertilizer(T2),chemical fertilizer reduction of 30%+9000 kg·hm^(-2) biological organic fertilizer(T3),chemical fertilizer reduction of 40%+6000 kg·hm^(-2) bio-organic fertilizer(T4)and chemical fertilizer reduction of 40%+9000 kg·hm^(-2)(T5)were set up to investigate the effects of different fertilization treatments on the growth,yield and quality of Chinese cabbage.The results showed that the application of bio-organic fertilizer increased the root vigor and chlorophyll content of each treatment to varying degrees.Compared with the local conventional fertilization,the root vigor and chlorophyll content increased by 15.5%-40.3%,and the chlorophyll content increased by 11.5%-37.5%,and increased with the application of bio-organic fertilizer.Compared with CK2,T1-T5 treatment increased the yield by 0.04%-20.91%.T3 treatment increased the yield by 20.91%,and its economic benefit increased by 9.04%.The application of bio-organic fertilizer increased the fertilizer contribution rate,and the fertilizer was reduced by 30%and combined with bio-organic application.The content of soluble sugar,soluble protein,and free amino acid in T3 treatment were 0.91 percent points,81.00%and 9.46%higher than that of CK2,respectively.Nitrate content in each treatment with bio-organic fertilizer was reduced by 11.53%-21.52%,V_(c),total flavonoids,glucosinolate content in T3 treatment was significandy higher than CK2,the total phenol content of each treatment was not significantly different.Compared with CK2,the content of mineral elements in each treatment increased to different degrees,and the increase was more obvious after applying bio-organic fertilizer.The membership function analysis was carried out on 15 indicators,and the comprehensive evaluation of T3 treatment with 30%reduction in chemical fertilizer and 9000 kg·hm^(-2) bio-organic fertilizer had the best effect,followed by T2>T5>T1>T4>CK2>CK1.