微塑料化学降解的研究进展

Research Progress in the Chemical Degradation of Microplastics

微塑料具有高的耐降解性和生物蓄积性,作为新兴污染物,是一个亟待解决的重要环境问题。目前,去除、回收或降解微塑料的技术还不足以完全消除微塑料。由于其对生物的潜在不利影响而受到大量关注,除了制定塑料回收、减少塑料使用及消耗的相关政策法案外,开发有效的微塑料去除方法对于构建无微塑料环境至关重要。本文全面总结了当前通过化学降解方法去除环境中微塑料,讨论了这些方法的机理、可行性和面临的挑战。化学降解微塑料的方法,主要包括高级氧化法、光催化法、电化学氧化法以及絮凝沉降技术,在将微塑料转化为环保且有价值的产品方面具有广阔的应用前景。

Microplastics,as an emerging pollutant,have high degradation resistance and bioaccumulation.It is an important environmental problem to be solved urgently.Currently,the technologies to remove,recycle or degrade microplastics are not enough to completely eliminate microplastics.Due to the potential adverse effects of microplastics on living things,the development of effective microplastic removal methods is critical to creating a microplastic-free environment,in addition to legislation on plastic recycling and reduction of plastic use and consumption.In this paper,the mechanism,feasibility and challenges of chemical degradation methods for the removal of microplastics from the environment are reviewed.Methods of chemical degradation of microplastics,including advanced oxidation,photocatalysis,electrochemical oxidation and flocculation sedimentation technology,have broad application prospects in the transformation of microplastics into environmentally friendly and valuable products.