万载县2016~2019年肺结核流行特征及防控措施分析

Analysis of Epidemic Characteristics and Preventive and Control Measures of Pulmonary Tuberculosis in Wanzai County from 2016-2019

目的:探究万载县2016~2019年肺结核流行特征及防控措施分析。方法:在2016年6月至2019年6月间抽选万载县疾病预防控制中心管理的1293例肺结核患者作为研究对象,对疾病的流行特征进行分析,并指出针对性的防控措施。结果:2016~2019年每年的发病率分别为4.71/万、7.70/万、5.30/万、8.41/万;男性发病率(62.72%)高于女性发病率(37.28%),差异具有统计学意义(χ~2=167.43,P<0.05);患者多为20~40岁,依次到41~60岁、60岁以上、20岁以下;无业职业发病率最高,依次为民工、农民、餐饮人员、家务、工人、医务人员、商业人员、职员或干部、学生、其他;冬季发病率最高,依次为春季、夏季、秋季;结论:本地人员、民工、无业人员、农民等是肺结核发病高发人群,而且年龄主要集中于20~60岁,冬季发病较高,政府应根据这一流行病学特征加大防控力度,通过有效的防控措施控制疾病。

Objective:To investigate the epidemiological characteristics and analysis of preventive and control measures of pulmonary tuberculosis in Wanzai County from 2016 to 2019.Methods:A sample of 1293 cases of pulmonary tuberculosis patients managed by Wanzai County Center for Disease Control and Prevention between June 2016 and June 2019 was selected as the study object.The epidemiological characteristics of the disease were analyzed and the targeted preventive and control measures were indicated.Results:The annual incidence rates from 2016 to 2019 were 4.71/10000,7.70/10000,5.30/10000 and 8.41/10000,respectively.The incidence rate among males was higher(62.72 %) than that in females(37.28 %),with statistically significant differences(χ~2=167.43,P<0.05).Most patients were 20~40 years old,followed by 41~60 years old,over 60 years old,and below 20 years old.The incidence of jobless occupation is the highest,followed by migrant workers,farmers,catering personnel,housework,workers,medical personnel,commercial personnel,staff or cadres,students,others.The highest incidence rate was in winter,followed by spring,summer and autumn.Conclusion:Local people,migrant workers,jobless people and farmers are the population with a high incidence of pulmonary tuberculosis.Their age is mainly concentrated in the 20-60 years old,with a higher incidence in winter.The government should increase prevention and control efforts according to this epidemiological feature and control the disease through effective prevention and control measures.