高寒牧区不同群体结构、产羔时间及营养水平对藏系羊生产性能的影响

Effect of different population structure,lambing time and nutrient level on production performance of Tibetan sheep in Alpine pastoral area

试验旨在研究不同群体结构、产羔时间及营养水平对高寒牧区藏系羊生产性能及经济效益的影响。试验一:在天祝高寒牧区随机选择9群当地牧民群众养殖的藏系羊,以能繁母羊占比分别为65%、70%、80%分为A组、B组、C组作为试验羊群。试验二:随机选择300只藏系羊,随机分为3组(A组、B组、C组),每组羊分别补饲不同精料。试验期300 d。结果显示:试验一,A组、B组、C组藏系羊的利润分别为497.6、539.7、569.6元,随着能繁母羊占比提高,利润呈上升趋势。试验二,A组母羊繁殖率达110%,繁殖成活率达98%,母羔初配月龄直接提前至8月龄—9月龄,出栏率达70%;B组母羊繁殖率达100%,繁殖成活率95%,当年母羔初配月龄提前至10月龄—11月龄,出栏率达66.5%;C组母羊繁殖率95%,繁殖成活率90%,母羔初配月龄依然达12月龄—15月龄,出栏率仅有45%。A组、B组、C组的利润分别为670、520、460元,A组羊的利润极显著高于其他两组(P<0.01)。研究表明,不同群体结构、产羔时间及营养水平对藏系羊养殖效益产生较大影响;提高营养供给水平,比单纯优化群体结构、合理设置产羔时间产生的影响更为显著。

The experiment was to study the effect of different population structure,lambing time and nutrient level on performance and economic benefit of Tibetan sheep in alpine pastoral area.In experiment 1,nine groups of Tibetan sheep reared by local herdsmen were randomly selected in Tianzhu Alpine pastoral area.Group A,group B and group C were used as experimental sheep with the proportion of fertile ewes of 65%,70%and 80%,respectively.In experiment 2,300Tibetan sheep were randomly selected and divided into three groups(group A,group B and group C).Sheep in each group were fed different concentrate respectively.The experiment lasted for 300 d.The results showed that the profit of Tibetan sheep in group A,group B and group C was 497.6,539.7 and 569.6 yuan,respectively.As the proportion of fertile ewes increased,the profit was on rise.Experiment 2:the reproductive rate of ewes in group A was 110%,and the reproductive survival rate was 98%.The initial mating age of female lambs was directly advanced to 8 month old-9 month old,the breeding rate was 70%.The reproductive rate of ewes in group B was 100%,the reproductive survival rate was 95%.The first mating age of female lambs in that year was advanced to 10 month old-11 month old,the breeding rate was 66.5%.The reproductive rate of ewes in group C was 95%,and the reproductive survival rate was 90%.The initial mating age of female lambs was still 12 month old-15 month old and the breeding rate was only 45%.The profit of group A,group B and group C was 670,520 and 460 yuan,respectively.The profit of sheep in group A was extremely higher than that in other groups(P<0.01).The experiment indicates that different population structure,lambing time and nutrient level has great influence on Tibetan sheep breeding efficiency.Compared with optimizing population structure and setting lambing time,improving nutrient supply level had a significant effect.