交通肇事罪“公共交通管理的范围”之重构——以新冠肺炎疫情影响下的相对封闭管理为视角

Reconstruction of the“Scope of Public Traffic Management”for Traffic Accident Crimes:From the Perspective of Relatively Closed Management Under the Influence of the COVID-19

交通肇事罪司法解释将适用该罪的空间范围限定为“公共交通管理的范围内”,目前的判例多根据《道路交通安全法》的规定,将该范围进一步限定为“公路、城市道路和虽在单位管辖范围但允许社会机动车通行的地方”。对“违反交通运输管理法规”的错误理解导致司法实践对交通肇事罪的错误适用。对于单位、小区内部道路而言,以是否允许社会机动车辆通行决定行为人的交通肇事行为是适用交通肇事罪还是过失致人死亡罪,存在违反法益保护原则和责任主义原则的缺陷。应当以保护公共安全法益为核心,摒弃“管理”性要素,实质解释交通肇事罪适用的空间范围。同时,《道路交通安全法》第77条为这一结论提供了法理依据。

The judicial interpretation of the crime of traffic accidents limits the scope of the crime to“within the scope of public transportation management”.Current cases are mostly based on the provisions of the Road Traffic Safety Law,which further restricts the scope to“highways,urban roads,and places under the jurisdiction of the unit but where social motor vehicles are allowed to pass”.The misunderstanding of“violation of traffic and transportation regulations”leads to the wrong application of judicial practice to the crime of causing traffic accidents.For the internal roads of units and communities,whether the perpetrator’s traffic accident is applicable to the crime of traffic accident or the crime of negligent death is determined by whether social motor vehicles are allowed to pass,which has the defect of violating the principle of legal interest protection and the principle of accountability.It should focus on protecting the legal interests of public safety,abandon the“management”element,and substantively explain the scope of the applicable space for the crime of causing traffic accidents.At the same time,Article 77 of the Road Traffic Safety Law provides a legal basis for this conclusion.