巴塞罗那“超级街区计划”对我国参与式社区规划与治理的启示

Enlightenment of Barcelona’s “Superilla” to the Planning and Governance of the Participatory Community in China

党的十九届四中全会以来,在营造共建、共治、共享社会治理新格局的工作背景下,全国各大城市都在边实践边摸索适合自己城市特质的社区规划与治理新范式。巴塞罗那“超级街区计划”(Superilla)作为一种小尺度低成本干预、跨学科合作和多元目标为导向的街区改造计划,有效地促进了当地的利益相关者积极参与社区规划与社会治理事务。本文通过对该计划的项目成果报告、学术研究资料、公众与媒体评论进行整理分析和实地考察,系统性地阐述了“超级街区计划”的整体发展历程、设计理念与方法,通过介绍两则处于不同实施阶段的典型案例,详细分析项目实施过程中存在的“多利益主体民主决策”和“效率与公平”困局,以期为我国参与式社区规划与治理工作提供批判性的国际经验与启示。

Since the Fourth Plenary Session of the 19th Central Committee of the Communist Party of China, under the background of creating a new pattern of joint construction, co-governance and shared social governance in China, many cities have been practicing and exploring new paradigms of community planning and governance that suit their urban characteristics. Barcelona’s “Superilla”, as a block reconstruction plan with small-scale low cost intervention, interdisciplinary cooperation, and multiple-goal orientation, has robustly promoted local stakeholders to actively participate in the community planning and social governance. This paper illustrates the overall development history, design concepts and methods of “Superilla” by organizing and analyzing the volume of current project reports, literature reviews, public and media comments, and field investigation for verification as well. Then two “Superilla” projects at different phases are demonstrated to analyze in detail the dilemma of “multi-stakeholder democratic decisionmaking” and “efficiency and fairness” in the implementation of the project, with a view to provide critical international experience and enlightenment for the participatory community planning and governance in China.