如何推进国家战略科技力量建设?--基于历史经验积累和现状实证分析的研究

How to Promote the Construction of National Strategic Science and Technology Forces?——Research Based on the Accumulation of Historical Experience and Empirical Analysis of Current Situation

综合考察国内国际已有相关研究,发现国家战略科技力量的理论根基主要在于国家战略力量理论和国家创新系统理论,进而在吸收借鉴相关有益观点的基础上对其内涵要义做出新的界定。从历史角度出发,综合探讨了英美等国在国家战略科技力量建设上的有益经验,客观分析了新中国成立以来建设国家战略科技力量的经验教训。再从现实维度出发,综合分析了中国战略科技力量近20年来在数量结构、研究成果、科研投入等方面的数量结构变化,发现基础研究薄弱、创新效率不高、科技创新风险较大等问题。基于历史和现实分析结果,提出构建合作网络、加大经费投入、优化布局结构、把握科技人才四个维度的国家战略科技力量建设路径。

It finds that, with a comprehensive review of relevant domestic and international researches, the national strategic power theory and national innovation system theory constitute the theoretical foundation of national strategic science and technology forces, in this way, the author concludes a new definition of its connotation on the basis of absorbing and drawing on relevant points of view.From the historical perspective, this research comprehensively explores the beneficial experience of the United Kingdom and the United States in the construction of their national strategic science and technology forces, and objectively analyzes the experience and lessons of China’s national strategic science and technology forces building process.From the realistic dimension, this paper comprehensively analyzes the quantity and structure changes of China’s strategic science and technology forces in the past two decades, including quantitative structure, scientific research achievements, and scientific research investment.However, the research results also reveal actual problems of China’s strategic scientific and technological forces, such as unsubstantial fundamental researches, innovation inefficiency, low resource utilization, reduced national demand orientation, and high technological innovation risks.Based on the conclusions of historical and realistic analysis, constructional methods including building a cooperation network, increasing research funding, optimizing the layout structure, and grasping scientific and technological talents are proposed.