高水平中长距离游泳运动员赛前高原体能训练实证研究

Empirical Research on the Altitude Physical Training for High-Level Middle and Long Distance Swimmers before the Competition

目的:探究赛前高原体能训练对高水平中长距离游泳运动员体能竞赛成绩的影响。方法:以7名优秀中长距离游泳运动员为研究对象,分2个阶段有所侧重地进行赛前高原体能训练,并分4次测定体能竞赛项目成绩。结果:经过5周的高原体能训练,参加全国冠军赛的中长距离游泳运动员30 m冲刺成绩有显著性提升(P<0.05),引体向上、躯干核心力量、3 000 m跑及体能总成绩有非常显著性提升(P<0.01),垂直纵跳成绩有提高趋势(P<0.1);7名运动员在冠军赛体能竞赛中均取得最佳成绩,其中4名运动员创造了最佳游泳专项成绩。结论:高水平中长距离游泳运动员进行以力量训练为主的赛前高原体能训练有助于提升体能竞赛成绩;力量训练未对高水平中长距离游泳运动员的游泳专项成绩产生不利影响。

Objective:To explore the influence of altitude physical training before the competition on the performance of high-level swimmers’physical competition.Methods:Taking 7 high-level middle and long distance swimmers as the research objects,the athletes are trained in two stages with different emphasis on the altitude physical training before the competition,and the performance of the physical competition is measured in 4 times.Results:After 5 weeks of altitude physical training,the 30 m sprint performance of the swimmers participating in the National Swimming Championships has been significantly improved(P<0.05),pull-ups,trunk core strength,3000 m run and total physical competition results have been significantly improved(P<0.01),vertical jump performance has a trend of improvement(P<0.1);seven athletes achieved the best results in the championship physical competition,and four athletes created the best swimming performance.Conclusions:Pre-competition altitude strength training for middle and long distance swimmers is helpful to improve the performance of physical competition,and strength training has no adverse effect on the special performance of middle and long distance swimming.