垃圾焚烧发电厂可凝结颗粒物组分特征研究

Characteristics of condensable particulate matter emitted by waste incineration power plant

参考2017年美国环境保护署推荐的《固定源排放可凝结颗粒物监测方法:干冲击瓶法》(Method 202)和中国《固定污染源废气低浓度颗粒物的测定重量法》(HJ 836—2017),对中国华北、华东地区3个垃圾焚烧发电厂(A、B和C)排放的可过滤颗粒物(FPM)和可凝结颗粒物(CPM)进行了测试。结果表明,A、B、C排放的总颗粒物(TPM)质量浓度分别为(28.93±9.40)、(31.20±11.74)、(25.43±7.95)mg/m^(3),其中CPM分别占TPM的97%、87%和98%。CPM以无机组分为主,主要水溶性离子为SO、NH_(4)^(+)、NO_(3)^(-)和Cl^(-)。三厂元素分析结果差别较大,与烟气治理设施运行水平和垃圾组分有关,但均含有较高浓度的Zn、Al、Fe、Ba、Mn、Cu和一定量的Hg。对各因子年排放总量的统计结果表明,若不包括固定源排放的CPM,各地大气污染源排放清单中颗粒物排放量大大偏低,且CPM中重金属年排放总量不容忽视。

FPM and CPM in flue gas emitted by three waste incineration power plants in North China and East China(Plant A,B and C)were monitored according to the“Dry impinger method for determining condensable particulate emissions from stationary sources”(Method 202)proposed by EPA and“Stationary source emission-determination of mass concentration of particulate matter at low concentration-manual gravimetric method”(HJ 836-2017)issued by China in 2017.Statistic data suggested that mass concentrations of TPM from emissions of Plant A,B and C were(28.93±9.40),(31.20±11.74)and(25.43±7.95)mg/m^(3),respectively.CPM was dominant in TPM,which accounted for 97%,87%and 98%for Plant A,B and C,respectively.Inorganic CPM was the most important components in CPM and the main water-soluble ions components were SO_(4)^(2-),NH_(4)^(-),NO_(3)^(-)and Cl^(-).Obvious difference in elemental components in CPM was related to the operating level of flue gas treatment facilities and waste composition.High concentration of Zn,Al,Fe,Ba,Mn,Cu and a certain of Hg were detected in each plant.From the statistics data of the total annual emission of each factor,it could be seen that the emission of particulate matter in the emission inventory of air pollution sources in China was substantially lower if excluding CPM of stationary sources,and the annual emission of heavy metal could not be neglected.