基于复杂适应系统理论的城市色彩系统建构和方法探索——以北京王府井街区为例

Construction and Method Exploration of Urban Color System Based on CAS Theory:A Case Study of Wangfujing Block in Beijing

在国土空间规划背景下,色彩被纳入城市设计的管控要素,成为延续城市文脉、塑造城市特色的重要手段。结合国内外色彩发展经验,总结当前城市色彩管控的主要问题,针对问题引入复杂适应系统(CAS)理论,从主体、特征和机制3方面剖析城市色彩系统内涵,提出体系框架。在此基础上,明确色彩系统与城市设计体系的适应关系,包括总体设计、街区控规、设计引导和实施评估4个阶段的运用方法,细化技术手段及运用场景。以北京王府井街区为例进行技术验证,通过不同尺度色彩识别形成街区更新治理的管控方案,并利用社交网络平台搭建公众参与机制,实现色彩感知与设计的结论运用,使得一向难以量化的城市色彩具备纳入规划指标体系并且长效监测的基础条件,为城市大数据支持规划设计提供新思路。

In the context of national territory spatial planning, color is incorporated into the control elements of urban design, which has become an important means to extend the urban context and shape the urban characteristics. Combined with the experience of color development at home and abroad, this study summarizes the main problems of current urban color management and control, introduces the complex adaptive system(CAS) theory, analyzes the connotation of urban color system from three aspects of subject, characteristics and mechanism, and puts forward the system framework. On this basis, the paper clarifies the adaptive relationship between the color system and the urban design system, including the application methods in the four stages of overall design, block planning control, design guidance and implementation evaluation, and refines the technical means and application scenarios. It then takes the Beijing Wangfujing block as an example for technical verification, the control scheme for block renewal and governance is formed through color recognition of different scales, and the public participation mechanism is built by using the social network platform to realize the application of color perception and design, which makes the urban color that has always been difficult to quantify have the basic conditions for inclusion in the planning index system and long-term monitoring, and provides a new idea for urban big data to support planning and design.