慢性阻塞性肺疾病小气道的检测方法及研究进展

Detection methods and research progress of small airways in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

慢性阻塞性肺疾病(COPD)是一种以不完全可逆气流受限为特征的慢性气道炎症性疾病,其主要病理改变为小气道阻塞。其诊断主要依靠肺功能检查。近年来有研究表明,COPD患者各期均可发生小气道疾病,小气道也被认为是发生气流受限的重要区域,因而成为COPD患者新的治疗靶点。若能及早发现并针对小气道进行治疗,有助于改善COPD患者临床症状及疾病进展。本文主要对小气道功能的检测方法及最新影像学研究进展进行综述,并对各种方法的优缺点进行讨论。

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease(COPD)is a chronic airway inflammatory disease characterized by incomplete reversibility of airflow limitation and the main pathological change is small airway obstruction.The diagnosis largely depends on pulmonary function test.In recent years,studies have shown that small airways disease can occur in all stages of COPD,and small airway is also considered an important area of airway limitation,so it has become a new treatment target for patients with COPD.Early detection and treatment of small airways will help to improve clinical symptoms and disease progression of patients with COPD.In this paper,the methods of small airway function detection and the latest advances in imaging research are reviewed,and the advantages and disadvantages of various methods are discussed.