黑龙江省大学生一般自我效能感、心理弹性与主观幸福感的关系

Analysis on association of general self-efficacy, psychological resilience and subjective well-being among college students, Heilongjiang province

目的 探讨黑龙江省在校大学生一般自我效能、心理弹性与主观幸福感的关系,为改善主观幸福感的现状、制定解决大学生心理问题的策略和措施提供科学依据。方法 采用滚雪球抽样的方法,对黑龙江省在校大学生进行在线问卷调查。采用主观幸福感量表-国际大学调查(ICS)评价主观幸福感,一般自我效能感量表(GSES)评价自我效能水平,心理弹性量表(CD-RISC)评价心理弹性水平。采用SPSS 23.0软件进行统计分析。结果 回收问卷526份,其中有效问卷477份,有效应答率为90.68%。大学生的一般自我效能感的平均得分为(2.47±0.53)分,处于中等水平,且低于国内常模的(2.86±0.52)分,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。心理弹性水平的平均得分为(58.61±14.25)分,低于全国常模的(65.40±13.90)分,且差异有统计学意义(P<0.01),其中乐观性因子、力量性因子、坚韧性因子的平均得分分别为(9.03±2.57)、(20.35±4.72)、(29.23±8.14)分。主观幸福感的平均得分为(78.16±14.42)分,其中生活满意度因子、积极情感因子、消极情感因子的平均得分分别为(19.52±5.70)、(25.75±6.36)、(32.88±6.59)分。一般自我效能感、心理弹性总分及各维度得分与主观幸福感总分、各维度得分均呈显著正相关(P均<0.01),多元线性回归分析显示心理弹性得分越高其主观幸福感也越高(P<0.01)。结论 黑龙江省大学生的主观幸福感有待提高,学校和社会应重视提高大学生的一般自我效能感和心理弹性水平,有利于促进大学生主观幸福感的提高。

Objective To explore the association of general self-efficacy, psychological resilience and subjective well-being among college students in Heilongjiang province, so as to provide scientific basis for improving the situation of subjective well-being and formulating strategies and measures to solve the psychological problems of college students. Methods An online survey was conducted to complete the questionnaire among college students using the method of snowball sampling.Subjective well-being scale-International College Survey(ICS) was used to evaluate subjective well-being, General Self-efficacy Scale(GSES) was used to evaluate self-efficacy and Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale(CD-RISC) was used to evaluate psychological resilience.SPSS 23.0 software was used for statistical analysis. Results A total of 526 questionnaires were collected, among which 477 were valid ones, and the effective response rate was 90.68%.The average score of general self-efficacy was 2.47±0.53,which was in the middle level and lower than the domestic norm 2.86±0.52,the difference was statistically significant(P<0.01).The average score of psychological resilience was 58.61±14.25,which was lower than the domestic norm 65.40±13.90,and the difference was statistically significant(P<0.01).Among them, the average score of the optimistic factor, the strength factor, and the tenacity factor was 9.03±2.57,20.35±4.72,29.23±8.14,respectively.The average score of subjective well-being was 78.16±14.42.Among them, the average score of life satisfaction factor, positive emotion factor and negative emotion factor was 19.52±5.70,25.75±6.36,32.88±6.59,respectively.The general self-efficacy, the total score of psychological resilience and the score of each dimension were significantly positively correlated with the total score of subjective well-being and the score of each dimension(P<0.01).Multiple linear regression analysis showed that the higher the scores of psychological resilience, the higher the subjective well-being(P<0.01). Conclusion The subjective well-being of college students needs to be improved.Colleges and society should pay more attention to improve the general self-efficacy and psychological resilience of college students, which is conducive to the improvement of their subjective well-being.