2006-2019年山东省泰安市水痘流行病学特征分析

Analysis on epidemiological characteristics of varicella, Tai’an city,2006-2019

目的 对2006-2019年山东省泰安市水痘病例进行流行病学分析,为制定水痘防控策略提供依据。方法 收集中国疾病预防控制信息系统中2006-2019年山东省泰安市水痘疫情统计数据,进行统计学分析,率的比较用χ^(2)检验。结果 2006-2019年山东省泰安市共报告水痘13 542例,无死亡病例,年平均发病率为17.29/10万;所辖6个县(市、区)均有水痘病例报告,其中以泰山区、宁阳县报告病例居多;全年12个月均有发病,主要集中在4-6月和11月-次年1月,呈典型的双峰特征;水痘发病率存在性别差异,男性显著高于女性(P<0.01);发病人群主要集中于在校学生、托幼机构和散居儿童,三者占87.53%,其中在校学生病例数最多,占64.19%;2006-2019年间共报告暴发疫情87起,暴发病例的报告数为2 198例,占总病例数的16.23%,暴发全部发生在中、小学校和托幼机构。结论 2006-2019年山东省泰安市水痘发病对象主要为儿童青少年,发病时间与学生在校时间一致,建议加强水痘疫情监测,完善免疫策略。

Objective To analyze the epidemiological characteristics of varicella cases in Tai ’an city from 2006 to 2019,so as to provide a basis for the formulation varicella prevention and control strategies. Methods The statistical data of varicella epidemic were collected from Chinese Disease Control Information System and statistical analysis, and the rates were compared by χ~2 test. Results A total of 13 542 varicella cases were reported in Tai’an city during the years of from 2006 to 2019,with no death.The average incidence of varicella was 17.29/10~5.The varicella cases were reported in all 6 counties(cities or districts) of Tai’an city, with the majority reported in Taishan district and Ningyang county.The cases occurred throughout the year, peaked in April-June and November-next January, presented a typical bimodal characteristic.The incidence of varicella showed gender differences: the male was significantly higher than female(P<0.01).The cases of varicella concentrated in students, kindergartens and scattered children, accounting for 87.53%,among which the number of cases among school students was the highest, accounting for 64.19%.A total of 87 outbreaks were reported from 2006 to 2019,and the reported number of outbreak cases was 2 198,accounting for 16.23% of the total.All the outbreaks occurred in primary and secondary schools and kindergartens. Conclusion The main targets of varicella in Tai ’an city of Shandong province from 2006 to 2019 are children and teenagers.The onset time is consistent with students’ school time.It is recommended to strengthen the monitoring of varicella epidemic and improve the immune strategy.