2010-2019年福建省龙岩市不同传播途径的乙类传染病流行特征分析

Analysis on epidemiological characteristics of category B infectious diseases by different transmission routes,Longyan city,Fujian province,2010-2019

目的分析福建省龙岩市乙类传染病的发病及流行变化趋势,探讨其流行特征及流行规律。方法采用描述性流行病学方法,对福建省龙岩市2010-2019年乙类传染病按传播途径进行分类分析。结果2010-2019年龙岩市乙类传染病累计报告病例76657例,年均发病率292.69/10万(76657/26190677)。发病以血源及性传播传染病为主(占乙类传染病总数79.05%,60598/76657),发病率呈逐年下降趋势(P<0.01),病种为乙肝、梅毒、淋病、丙肝、HIV携带者、艾滋病、丁肝,病例年龄以20~50岁为主(占血源及性传播传染病总数62.96%,38157/60598);呼吸道传染病居第二位(占乙类传染病总数14.78%,11329/76657),年度发病率总体平稳,无明显下降趋势(P<0.01),病种为肺结核、猩红热、麻疹、百日咳、人感染H7N9禽流感,病例年龄以40~70岁为主(占呼吸道传染病总数的52.40%,5936/11329);肠道传染病居第三位(占乙类传染病总数的5.92%,4537/76657),发病率呈逐年下降趋势(P<0.01),病种为未分型肝炎、痢疾、伤寒+副伤寒、戊肝、甲肝,病例年龄多为10岁以下儿童(占肠道传染病总数的25.37%,1151/4537);自然疫源及虫媒传染病发病较少,占乙类传染病总数0.25%(193/76657),发病率呈逐年上升趋势(P<0.01),报告病种为布病、钩体病、疟疾、登革热、出血热、狂犬病、乙脑,病例年龄以30~60岁主(占自然疫源及虫媒传染病总数的65.28%,126/193)。结论2010-2019年福建省龙岩市乙类传染病中呼吸道传染病发病率总体平稳,血源及性传播传染病、肠道传染病发病率总体呈下降趋势,自然疫源及虫媒传染病发病率总体呈上升趋势。

Objective To analyze the incidence and epidemic trend of category B infectious diseases in Longyan city,and explore the epidemiological characteristics and laws.Methods The cases of category B infectious diseases in Longyan city from 2010 to 2019 were classified and analyzed according to their transmission routes by descriptive epidemiology methods.Results A total of 76657 cases of category B infectious diseases were reported in Longyan city during 2010-2019,with an annual incidence of 292.69/105(76657/26190677).The incidence of category B infectious diseases was mainly blood-borne and sexually transmitted diseases,accounting for 79.05%(60598/76657),and the incidence was decreasing year by year(P<0.01).The disease categories were hepatitis B,syphilis,gonorrhea,hepatitis C,HIV,AIDS and hepatitis D,and the age of the cases was mainly 20 to 50 years old,accounting for 62.96%(38157/60598)of blood-borne and sexually transmitted diseases.Respiratory infectious diseases took the second place,accounting for 14.78%(11329/76657)of category B infectious diseases,with an overall stable annual incidence without a significant downward trend(P<0.01).The disease categories included tuberculosis,scarlet fever,measles,whooping cough and human infection H7 N9 avian influenza,and the age of the cases was mainly 40 to 70 years old,accounting for 52.40%(5936/11329)of respiratory infectious diseases.Intestinal infectious diseases ranked third,accounting for 5.92%(4537/76657),with a decreasing incidence year by year(P<0.01).The disease categories included unclassified hepatitis,dysentery,typhoid+paratyphoid,hepatitis E and hepatitis A,and most of the cases were children under 10 years old,accounting for 25.37%(1151/4537)of intestinal infectious diseases.The incidence of natural foci and insect-borne diseases was low,accounting for 0.25%(193/76657)of the total category B infectious diseases,but the incidence increased year by year(P<0.01).The reported disease categories were brucellosis,leptospirosis,malaria,dengue fever,hemorrhagic fever,rabies,Japanese encephalitis,and the age of the cases was mainly 30 to 60 years old,accounting for 65.28%(126/193)of natural foci and insect-borne diseases.Conclusion The incidence of respiratory infectious diseases in category B infectious diseases in Longyan city from 2010 to 2019 was generally stable,the incidence of blood-borne and sexually transmitted diseases and intestinal infectious diseases showed a downward trend,and the incidence of natural foci and insect-borne infectious diseases showed an upward trend.