乾嘉笔记的撰述话语及其意义指向

The Writing Discourse and Its Meaning Orientation of Qianjia Notes

乾嘉笔记的序跋在叙述撰述缘起与成书经过时,经常会出现“偶有见闻/所得/意会”“随笔记之”“积久成帙”一类话语,虽偶有变体,但表述结构非常稳定。这类话语包含的要素,指向了不同的意义层面。具体来说,“见闻”表现了笔记撰述的“纪实性”或曰“实录”原则,“所得”或“意会”蕴含了笔记的“创作性”特征,“随笔”折射出笔记的文体形态,而“偶有”与“积久”两个时间词的组合则指向了笔记的成书机制。从笔记创作史的视角看,此类撰述话语的形成经历了一个规范化的过程,至清代尤其是乾嘉笔记中而实现“凝定”。

When describing the origin and the process of writing a book, Qianjia notes often appear words such as “occasional knowledge/gains/understanding, write it casually” and “accumulate into a book for a long time”. Although there are occasional variants, the expression structure is very stable.The elements contained in these discourses point to their different meaning levels.Specifically, “what one see and hear” shows the “documentary” or “factual” principle of note writing, “gains” or “understanding” contains the “creative” characteristics of notes, “write it casually” show the stylistic form of notes, “occasionally” and “accumulated” point to the writing mechanism of notes.From the perspective of the history of note writing, the formation of these writing discourse experienced a process of standardization, and were “solidified” in the notes of the Qing Dynasty, especially in the Qianjia period.