民众话语下的泰山世界遗产地社会价值探析

Exploration on the Social Value of Mount Taishan World Heritage Site from the Perspective of Public Discourse

世界遗产的保护和可持续发展一方面需要从专家视角确定遗产价值,并根据这些价值制定相应的保护和发展策略;另一方面需要从民众视角探究个人和集体记忆如何构建遗产的当代社会价值。以泰山为例,采用批评话语分析理论框架,并通过半结构访谈分析民众在游览过程中如何将个人的记忆、经历和情感用以构建泰山的社会价值。研究发现:首先,民众关注泰山带来的历史感和文化自豪感,这种关注更多的是情感上的共鸣;其次,民众对于遗产价值的解读会随时代而改变,并将现代生活的体验融入对古代遗产价值的解读中,遗产的内涵因此随时代发展而丰富。虽然民众不具备世界遗产申报和管理的专业知识,难以直接参与世界遗产的申报和管理过程,但是研究者可以通过半结构化访谈、座谈、参与观察、问卷调查以及大数据量化收集等方式,记录民众对于遗产价值的理解和情感表达。这有利于认识民众话语与专家话语的区别,探索更民主且具备本土化特征的遗产地社会价值。

In order to ensure the conservation and sustainable development of world heritage,it is necessary to,on the one hand,identify heritage values from the expert perspective and formulate appropriate conservation and development strategies based on these values and,on the other hand,explore how the individual and collective memories construct the contemporary social values of heritage from the public perspective.Taking Mount Taishan as an example,this research adopts the theoretical framework of critical discourse analysis and,through semi-structured interviews,analyzes how people’s memories,experiences and emotions are expressed in the process of visiting Mount Taishan to construct the social values of Mount Taishan.Research results show that:firstly,people pay attention to the sense of history and cultural pride brought by Mount Taishan,and this attention is more of emotional resonance;secondly,people’s interpretation of heritage value changes with the times and incorporates the experience of modern life into the interpretation of ancient heritage value,making the connotation of heritage enriched with the development of the times.The research concludes that although people lack the expertise in world heritage nomination and management and it is difficult for them to participate in the nomination and management of world heritage directly.It is possible for researchers to record people’s understanding and emotional expression of heritage values through semi-structured interviews,informal discussions,participant observation,questionnaires,and quantitative collection of big data,which can help recognize the difference between public discourse and expert discourse,and explore more democratic and more localized social values of heritage sites.