酸枣种子生物学特性研究

Study on Biological Characteristics of Wild Jujube Seeds

对酸枣种子的形态特征和影响种子发芽的因素进行了系统研究。结果表明,酸枣种子由倒生胚珠发育而来,质量约0.04 g,含水量约8.26%,种体呈扁心形,含有种皮、胚乳和胚3部分结构,酸枣种皮有黄、紫红和褐色等3种基本颜色。种皮作为机械结构妨碍种体吸水,在种体的种脐和发芽口部位吸水强烈。从种体自身来看,种皮内水溶性物质、种体老化抑制种子发芽,胚乳对发芽起支持作用;大种体不利于发芽,小种体有利于发芽;种皮颜色越深,种子发芽率越低。从培养条件来看,适合酸枣种子发芽的培养条件是含水量高、25℃、pH值7~8、无营养供应(营养盐、葡萄糖)、有光线照射。

In this paper,the morphological characteristics and the influencing factors of wild jujube seed germination were systematically studied.The results showed that the wild jujube seed was developed from anatropous ovules with a mass of about 0.04 g and water content of about 8.26%.The wild jujube seed was flat heart-shaped and contained three parts,seed coat,endosperm and embryo.The wild jujube seed coat had three basic colors:yellow,purple and brown.The seed coat,as a mechanical structure,obstructed the water absorption of the seed,and the water absorption was strong in the hilum and the germination port.From the perspective of seed itself,water-soluble substances in the seed coat and seed aging inhibited seed germination,while endosperm supported seed germination.Large seed was not conducive to germination,while small seed was conducive to germination;the darker the seed coat,the lower the seed germination rate.In terms of culture conditions,the suitable culture conditions for germination of wild jujube seeds were high water content,25℃,pH 7-8,no nutritional supply(nutrient salts,glucose),and light exposure.