不同鲜食玉米品种在缅甸的适应性分析

Adaptability Analysis of Fresh Maize Varieties in Myanmar

为探讨中国鲜食玉米品种在缅甸的适应性和产量表现,筛选适宜当地种植的鲜食玉米品种,2020年秋在缅甸南部的内比都市采用随机区组设计,以桂糯519为对照,对中国8个鲜食玉米品种的物候期、产量、产量构成要素、品质及抗病性等进行鉴定与评价。结果表明,8个鲜食玉米品种与对照的生育进程差异不大,均为早熟品种,对缅甸气候具有很好的适应性;在农艺性状方面,广黑甜糯具有最适宜的穗位与株高比例(0.40);在果穗性状方面,广黑甜糯的穗长、穗粗、穗行数、行粒数和出籽率均大于对照,秃尖小于对照,具有高产潜力;在病虫害抗性方面,广黑甜糯、彩玉甜加糯和美玉糯1号抗性最好;在产量表现方面,广黑甜糯产量最高,超过10000 kg/hm^(2),比对照增产4.0%;品质评分排名前三的是广黑甜糯、雪糯A-5和“王者荣耀”;综合各项鉴定结果,广黑甜糯在产量、品质、抗性、植株性状、果穗性状等方面表现突出,适宜在缅甸南部地区推广应用。

In order to explore the adaptability and yield performance of Chinese fresh maize varieties in Myanmar and screen the suitable varieties for Myanmar,in the autumn of 2020,a random block design was used to evaluate and identify the phenology,yield,yield components,quality and disease resistance of 8 fresh maize varieties in China,using Guinuo 519 as the control in Nay Pyi Taw,southern Myanmar.The results showed that there was little difference in the growth process between the 8 fresh maize varieties and the control Guinuo 519,all of which were early maturing varieties and had good adaptability to the local climate in Myanmar.In terms of agronomic traits,Guanghei sweet waxy corn had the best ratio of panicle location to plant height,which was 0.40.In terms of ear characters,the ear length,ear diameter,ear rows,row grains and grain yield of Guanghei sweet waxy corn were higher than those of the control,while the bald tip was lower than that of the control,proving that Guanghei sweet waxy could have high yield.In terms of pest resistance,Guanghei sweet waxy corn,Caiyu sweet waxy corn and Meiyu waxy corn 1 showed the best resistance.In terms of yield performance,the yield of Guanghei sweet waxy corn was more than 10000 kg/hm^(2),4.00%higher than that of the control.In terms of quality,the top three varieties were Guanghei sweet waxy corn,Xuenuo A-5 and Honor of Kings.The results of overall identification demonstrated that Guanghei sweet waxy corn had outstanding performance in yield,quality,resistance,plant characters and ear characters,thus this variety was proper to extend in southern Myanmar.