冠突散囊菌与哈茨木霉在百香果储藏中的应用研究

Research on Application of Trichoderma harzianum and Eurotium cristatum in Passiflora Edulis Sims Storage

百香果采后易受病原菌侵染,失水皱缩,严重时导致腐败变质,影响其经济价值。为延长百香果货架期,本研究分离并纯化百香果鲜果表皮真菌,分析真菌组成。采用哈茨木霉和冠突散囊菌分别开展对峙抑菌试验,观察抑菌效果。配制哈茨木霉茶汤浸泡液、冠突散囊菌茶汤浸泡液、哈茨木霉与冠突散囊菌混合茶汤浸泡液和茶汤,开展百香果采后贮藏试验。结果表明,从鲜果表皮中分离出9个属真菌,其中耙齿菌属(Irpex)1株,横断孢属(Strelitziana)1株,曲霉属(Aspergillus)2株,栓菌属(Trametes)2株,葡萄座腔菌属(Botryosphaeria)2株,附球菌属(Epicoccum)2株,刺孢菌属(Subulicystidium)2株,枝孢霉属(Cladosporium sp.)有两个种共3株,镰刀菌属(Fusarium sp.)有两个种共8株。对峙试验发现,哈茨木霉对多毛毛栓菌(TH)的抑制作用最强,抑制率为88.1%,冠突散囊菌对白囊耙齿菌(LL)抑制作用最强,抑制率为27.2%。贮藏试验发现,冠突散囊菌茶汤浸泡液处理效果最佳,鲜果0~4 d内果皮皱缩指数为0,第5天时仅有少部分鲜果表皮出现轻微皱缩现象,皱缩指数为1.17。随着储藏时间延长,表皮皱缩面积增大,第7天皱缩指数为2,第9天全部出现皱缩现象,皱缩指数达到2.33。第14天剖开果实,果瓤完好,果汁色泽鲜亮,无异味,显著延长了百香果的货架期。

Passiflora edulis Sims are susceptible to pathogenic infestation after harvesting,bringing about water loss and crumpling,leading to rot and deterioration in serious cases,affecting its economic value.In order to extend the shelf life of Passiflora edulis Sims,this study isolated and purified the epidermal fungi from fresh fruits of Passiflora edulis Sims and analyzed the fungal composition.Confrontation tests were carried out using Trichoderma harzianum and Eurotium cristatum separately to observe the inhibition effect.Preparation of Trichoderma harzianum tea infusion,Eurotium cristatum tea infusions,mixed tea infusions of Trichoderma harzianum and Eurotium cristatum for post-harvest storage test of Passiflora edulis Sims.The results showed that nine genera of fungi were isolated from the fresh Passiflora edulis Sims,including one strain of Irpx,one strain of Strelitziana,two strains of Aspergillus,two strains of Trametes,two strains of Botryosphaeria,two strains of Epicoccum,two strains of Subulicystidium,two species of Cladosporium sp.with a total of three strains,and two species of Fusarium sp.with a total of eight strains.The confrontation test found that Trichoderma harzianum had the strongest inhibitory effect on Trametes hispida(TH)with 88.1%inhibition rate,and Eurotium cristatum had the strongest inhibitory effect on Irpex lacteus(LL)with 27.2%inhibition rate.The storage test revealed that the treatment effect of the Eurotium cristatum tea infusions was the best,with 0 pericarp shrinking in 0-4 day and only a few pericarp shrinking in the 5 th day and shrinkage rate of Passiflora edulis Sims was 1.17.With the increase of storage time,the shrinked area of the epidermis increased,and the shrinkage rate was 2 on the 7 th day,and all the wrinkles appeared on the 9 th day,and the shrinkage rate reached 2.33.When the fruit was cut open at the 14 th day,the flesh was intact and the juice was bright and odorless,and the shelf life of Passiflora edulis Sims was extended compared with the control group.