厨余垃圾堆肥在普通白菜基质栽培中的应用

Application of Kitchen Waste Compost in Substrate Culture of Pakchoi

为了评价厨余垃圾堆肥在无土栽培蔬菜生产上的应用效果,以普通白菜品种京绿2号为试材,设置4个厨余垃圾堆肥施用比例,即厨余垃圾堆肥∶椰糠(V/V)为15%(T1)、30%(T2)、45%(T3)、60%(T4),以纯椰糠(CK1)和添加商品有机肥的椰糠(CK2)作为对照,研究厨余垃圾堆肥不同施用比例对栽培基质理化性质、养分含量、重金属含量及普通白菜生长、单株质量和品质的影响。结果表明:施用45%~60%厨余垃圾堆肥的基质容重、总孔隙度均在栽培基质适宜范围内,能够满足蔬菜作物生长需要。与CK1相比,施用厨余垃圾堆肥显著提高了定植前基质总氮、总磷、总钾、速效氮含量,明显提高了速效磷、速效钾含量,且各养分含量大多随厨余垃圾堆肥施用比例的增大而增加,但总氮、总磷、速效氮、速效磷含量低于CK2。施用厨余垃圾堆肥各处理基质中的铅、铬、镉含量均显著低于CK1和CK2,且均低于DB32/T 589—2003《无公害农产品无土栽培基质要求》中规定的限值。普通白菜株高、单株鲜质量和干质量均随厨余垃圾堆肥施用比例的增大而显著增加,T4处理与CK2无显著差异,而显著高于其他处理;T3处理的VC和可溶性糖含量最高,显著高于CK1和CK2。

To evaluate the application effect of kitchen waste compost in soilless vegetable production,this experiment took pakchoi variety‘Jinglyu No.2’as test material;set up 4 treatments with different application ratio of kitchen waste compost and coconut coir(V/V)as 15%(T1),30%(T2),45%(T3),60%(T4);took pure coconut coir(CK1)and coconut coir with commercial organic fertilizer(CK2)as the contrasts;and studied the effects of applying different ratio on physical and chemical properties of matrix,nutrient content,heavy metal content and growth,single plant weight and quality of pakchoi.The results showed that the bulk density and total porosity in substrate with 45%-60%kitchen waste were all within the suitable range of culture substrate,which could meet the needs of crop growth.Compared with CK1,applying kitchen waste compost had significantly increased the contents of total nitrogen,total phosphorus,total potassium,available nitrogen;and obviously enhanced the contents of available phosphorus and available potassium in substrate before planting.At the same time,each nutrient content were all increasing along with the magnified applying ratio of kitchen waste compost,while the contents of total nitrogen,total phosphorus,available nitrogen and available phosphorus were lower than those in CK2.The contents of lead,chromium and cadmium in substrates of each treatment applying kitchen waste compost were all significantly lower than those in CK1 and CK2,and were also lower than the limiting value specified by DB32/T 589—2003.The plant height,single plant fresh weight and dry weight of pakchoi were also increasing along with the enlarged applying ratio of kitchen waste compost.Those figures in T4 treatment were significantly higher than that of the other treatments,except CK2.The contents of VC and soluble sugar in T3 treatment were the highest,significantly higher than those in CK1 and CK2.