土壤健康指标体系与评价方法研究进展

Advances in the Indicator System and Evaluation Approaches of Soil Health

健康土壤能够保障健康食物生产,维持土壤生态系统多功能性,是农业绿色发展的基础。明确土壤健康现状,系统开展土壤健康诊断是培育健康土壤和提高土壤生产力的基础。然而,以往人们基于单一土壤功能即土壤生产力开展了大量的指标选择和评价工作,忽视了其他土壤功能,评价指标中土壤生物学特性未引起足够重视,对土壤过程的动态监测少。随着对可持续发展的关注以及农业绿色发展的需求,土壤健康指标体系和评价方法正在不断完善。针对不同空间尺度和不同作物体系,建立多目标协同的土壤健康评价体系成为土壤可持续利用的热点和前沿。本文总结了土壤健康指标体系的选择原则,分析了生物学指标在土壤健康评价中的重要性,重点阐述了我国、美国、新西兰等国家土壤健康评价方法以及基于土壤功能和土壤管理等评价方法的进展、优缺点和应用区域,提出了完善土壤健康评价系统的途径。未来需要构建基于区域自然禀赋环境特征的土壤-作物管理大数据平台,发展生物学指标,建立长期和全程动态监测体系,并与快速无损测试技术、智能化信息技术相结合,形成多目标协同、适用于不同区域和作物体系的土壤健康评价方法,通过多主体参与,为农业绿色发展提供重要支撑。

Healthy soil is the key to healthy food production and maintenance of the multifunctionality of the soil ecosystem.It is also the cornerstone of agriculture green development.Identifying the status of soil health and systematically carrying out soil health diagnosis are the basis of cultivating healthy soil and improving soil productivity.However,in the past,a large number of indicators and evaluations have been developed based on an individual soil function(e.g.,soil productivity),while other soil functions were largely ignored.Soil biological indicators are still underrepresented in soil health assessment,and the dynamic monitoring of soil processes is not sufficiently conducted.In pursuit of sustainable development goals and with the requirement of agriculture green development,the indicator system and evaluation approaches of soil health have been greatly improved.Thus,the establishment of multi-objective coordinated soil health assessment has become the hotspot and the frontier.This paper summarizes the selection principle in the indicator system of soil health.The importance of soil biological indicators in soil health evaluation is analyzed.The advances,advantages,disadvantages and application areas of the Chinese soil health assessment method,Cornell Comprehensive Assessment of Soil Health,New Zealand SINDI,the framework of Soil Navigator,Soil Management Assessment Framework are expounded.Finally,the pathways to improve the soil health evaluation system are put forward.It is necessary to build a big data platform for integrated soil-crop management based on the regional ecological conditions.A multi-objective coordinated soil health assessment for different regions and crop systems should be established through the participation of multi-actors with the development of soil biological indicators.A long-term and whole-process dynamic monitoring system should be established in combination with rapid testing and intelligent information technologies.This will provide important support for agriculture green development.