昆明市盘龙江流域生态质量评价与影响因素分析

Evaluation and Effect Factors Analysis of Ecological Quality Change in Panlong River Basin in Kunming

生态质量评估对于区域社会经济的可持续发展至关重要。选用昆明市盘龙江流域为研究对象,基于1988年、2000年、2010年和2020年的Landsat遥感影像,采用遥感生态指数对盘龙江流域生态质量进行评价及影响因素分析。结果表明:1988—2020年盘龙江流域生态质量等级总体上以较差、中和良为主,3个等级所占面积比例达到85%以上;1988—2020年盘龙江流域总体生态质量退化的面积比例最高,占42.84%,表明随着城市建设进程的发展,盘龙江流域总体的生态质量与1988年相比质量变差;盘龙江流域不同土地利用类型之间的生态质量存在显著差异,表现为林地的遥感生态指数最高,耕地与水域次之,未利用地相对最低;坡度小的地区,因易于开发受人类影响较大,生态质量较差,而坡度大的地区,生态质量较好。研究结果能为全面认识盘龙江流域生态质量变化提供理论依据和数据支撑。

The ecological quality assessment was essential to the sustainable development of the regional social economy.Remote sensing ecological index(RSEI)was computed based on the Landsat remote sensing images in 1988,2000,2010,2015 and 2020 to monitor and evaluate the ecological environment quality and analyze the effect factor in Panlong River Basin in Kunming.The results showed that from 1988 to 2020,the overall ecological quality was mainly grade of relatively poor,medium and excellent,accounting for more than 85%of the total area.From 1988 to 2020,the area of ecological degradation is 42.84%in Panlong River basin,indicated that the overall ecological quality had deteriorated compared with 1988 after many years of urban construction and development.There were significant differences in ecological quality among different land use types in Panlong River basin,which showed that the remote sensing ecological index of forest land is the highest,followed by cultivated land and water area,and unused land was relatively the lowest.The area with small slope was easy to develop,which was greatly affected by human beings and had poor ecological quality.The area with large slope also had better ecological quality in Panlong River basin.The results of this study could provide theoretical basis and data support for a comprehensive understanding of the change of ecological quality in Panlong River basin.