达州市低海拔区域玉米大豆间套作模式下大豆适宜播期探索

The Optimal Sowing Date of Soybean in Maize-Soybean Intercropping at the Low Elevation Area of Dazhou City

为探索达州市低海拔区域玉米大豆间套作模式下大豆的最佳播期,采用随机区组设计,设置不同播期的春大豆、夏大豆与玉米进行间套作种植,对大豆全生育期农艺性状及抗性表现进行观察记录。结果表明,相较于间作,玉米夏大豆套作模式更符合达州市低海拔区域玉米大豆双籽实型种植需求。间作模式下,南春豆36生育期较净作条件下延长5 d;套作模式下,南夏豆25生育期较净作条件下延长24 d。由于套作模式下夏大豆与玉米共生期短,较间作春大豆抗病、抗倒伏。套作夏大豆最佳播期为5月25日至6月4日,玉米产量可稳定在7650.00 kg/hm^(2)以上,大豆产量可实现900.00 kg/hm^(2)以上。为减少2种作物生育期重叠,夏大豆播期可适当延长至6月中下旬。

In order to explore the optimal sowing date of soybean in maize-soybean intercropping at the low elevation area of Dazhou City.Hence,a random block designed experiment was performed with different spring and summer soybean sowing dates in maize-soybean intercropping,and the agronomic characters and resistance performance of soybean in the whole growth period were observed and recorded.The results showed that maize-summer soybean relay strip intercropping rather than maize-spring soybean strip intercropping could meet the demand for double-seed production in the hilly area of Dazhou City.The growth period of Nanchundou 36 was relatively prolonged by five days under strip intercropping,and that of Nanxiadou 25 was relatively prolonged by twenty-four days under strip relay intercropping.Maize-summer soybean relay strip intercropping was better resistance to lodging and control of diseases than the strip intercropping.The optimized sowing dates for relay strip summer soybean were from May 25 to June 4,then obtained a maize yield of 7650.00 kg/ha and a soybean yield of900.00 kg/ha.The sowing date of summer soybean could be delayed to the middle or late of June to reduce the overlapping of crop coexistence.