采用固体碳源制备石墨烯薄膜研究进展

Research Progress on Synthesizing Graphene from Solid Carbon Sources

作为一种高性能二维碳材料,石墨烯以其无与伦比的力学和功能特性受到了学界和工业界广泛的关注。目前,石墨烯及石墨烯增强复合材料正逐步走向应用。然而,随着石墨烯产业的发展,现有制备工艺越来越难以满足工业界批量化生产高质量石墨烯的需求。综合来看,当下石墨烯制备技术存在的主要问题包括:(1)制备面积大、缺陷少、层数均一的石墨烯薄膜尚存在一定的困难;(2)石墨烯较低的产率难以满足日益增长的需求。为解决石墨烯产率及质量问题,研究者在石墨烯制备工艺开发方面开展了大量工作。在此过程中,分子束外延技术、化学气相沉积技术、Hummers方法等诸多石墨烯薄膜制备技术被开发出来,这些技术的应用和发展使批量生产高质量石墨烯薄膜成为了可能。为适应不同技术的使用环境与需求,多种含碳物质作为前驱体被用于石墨烯薄膜的制备过程中。依据室温下状态分类,这些含碳前驱体被分为气体、液体和固体碳源。因较低的储存成本和较高的安全性,固体碳源在石墨烯生产过程中具有独特的优势。目前,包括碳材料、碳化硅(SiC)、有机高分子、生物材料乃至固体含碳废弃物均被用于石墨烯薄膜的制备过程中。本文综述了固体碳源制备石墨烯的研究进展,系统地介绍了利用固体碳源制备高性能石墨烯的工艺路线。同时,阐明了石墨烯在各种制备工艺过程中的形成机理。最后,通过分析各种工艺的优缺点,展望了各种工艺的未来发展方向,以期为未来的研究者开发新的石墨烯制备工艺提供参考。

Due to the unprecedented mechanical and functional properties of two-dimensional carbon material,graphene has attracted extensive attention in both academia and industry. Currently,graphene related materials industrial application requires mass production of high-quality graphene. However,present graphene synthesis technique is limited by:( ⅰ) fabricating large and uniform thickness of graphene with low defect density;( ⅱ) increasing fabrication yield of graphene.Many researchers have contributed to overcome the yield and quality limitation of graphene fabrication. Various techniques,including molecular beam epitaxy,chemical vapor deposition and Hummers method have been developed. The application and development of these techniques make it possible to achieve batch production of high-quality graphene. Furthermore,to adapt to the use condition and needs of different technologies,a variety of carbonaceous materials are used as precursors in the graphene preparation. These materials can be divided into gas,liquid and solid carbon sources,according to their form at room temperature. Among them,solid carbon sources,including silicon carbide( SiC),organic polymers,biomaterials and even solid carbon containing wastes,have unique advantages on low-cost and high safety fabrication of graphene thin films.In this paper,we review the research progress of graphene fabrication of solid carbon source. By systematical introduction of various fabrication processes,the formation mechanisms of graphene are illustrated. In addition,by analyzing the advantages and disadvantages of these processes,future development direction is prospected. This review is expected to provide guidance for future researchers on graphene fabrication via solid carbon source.