工业副产铁矾渣资源化利用研究进展

Research Progress in Resource Utilization of Industrial Output Jarosite Residues

铁矾渣是湿法冶金工业利用黄铁矾法除铁产生的典型固体废弃物,因其组成复杂、附加值低且通常含少量重金属元素,无害化、规模化利用难度大,目前其处理方式以直接堆存和填埋为主。随着冶锌行业和锂电池回收等行业的迅速发展,铁矾渣产生量将大幅增长,其资源化利用技术和途径也将具有愈加重要的环保价值和经济价值。针对铁矾渣资源化、无害化利用技术的研究目前已取得一些有益成果,主要表现在三个方面。(1)利用湿法冶金、火法冶金、火法-湿法联用等方式可实现铁矾渣中Pb、Cu、Cd、Ni、Zn和Ag等有价金属元素的回收,其中部分金属元素的回收率超过90%;(2)将铁矾渣用于水泥、烧结砖等建筑材料的生产,以及作为水泥掺合料应用到建造工程的施工中;(3)利用铁矾渣制备其他高附加值材料(如用于储能系统的电极材料等)。本文主要回顾和总结了针对铁矾渣的金属回收技术和资源化利用技术的国内外研究进展,并分析和探讨了可能存在的问题及今后的研究方向。

Jarosite residues are a kind of typical solid waste generated in the process of iron removal in hydrometallurgical industry. Because of its com-plex composition,low value and containing some heavy metal elements,the large-scale and harmless utilization of jarosite residues is a quite challenging issue and the current prevailing disposal methods are direct storage and landfill. Since a large increase of the production of jarosite residues is nearly undoubted in the foreseeable future as the rapid development of zinc hydrometallurgy and lithium battery recycling,the specific and effective utilization of techniques will be of greater urgency and of more environmental and economic significance.Till now the research of element extraction and utilization routes of jarosite residues has acquired some potentially promising achievements which mainly include three aspects as follows: Ⅰ. recovering valuable metal elements such as Pb,Cu,Cd,Ni,Zn and Ag from jarosite residues by means of hydrometallurgy,pyrometallurgy or their combination,with the recovery rates of some metal elements higher than 90%;Ⅱ. applying jarosite residues to the production of building materials such as cement and sintering brick,or even directly to civil construction to serve as additives of cement;Ⅲ. using jarosite residues to prepare other high-value materials exemplified by electrodes for energy storage systems. In this review,we intend to provide systematic retrospect and summary of worldwide academic and engineering efforts on developing techniques of element recycling and resource utilization of jarosite residues,as well as a prospective discussion on the existing problems and future trends of this field.